How Racialized Stereotypes Determine a Community's Value Assignment

How Racialized Stereotypes Determine a Community's Value - Assignment Example The assignment "How Racialized Stereotypes Determine a Community's Value" talks about the racial triangulation, the hierarchal positioning of races as dictated by the majority ethnic groups. In the United States, it is the assignment of social position among Asians by the Caucasians who constitute the dominant and majority, ethnic group.The racial stereotype exaggerates the cultural values of Asians to make them superior to blacks. They are assigned the value of being industrious, disciplined and smart to make them superior to blacks but cannot assimilate in American society so that they are still inferior to the whites. Asians may be considered as a little superior to blacks through their educational and economic achievement as dictated by the good and bad minority modeling but still, they are treated as outsiders of American society by the dominant whites. This is enforced through the process of relative valorization and civic ostracism where the dominant group dictates the social value of the minorities and enforce it through by isolating a certain group to put their place in society as dictated by the dominant group. The two major points from this week’s lesson that struck me are the persistence of racism in American society and how the white majority enforce it through the process of racial triangulation. I find this bothersome because America had been trumpeting itself as the land of equality where everybody should be equal regardless of color and ethnic origin yet on its own soil.

How Institutions Regulate Multinational Corporations Essay Example for Free

How Institutions Regulate Multinational Corporations Essay International institutions are very effective to regulate multinational corporations in many ways. There are few institutions which always take care for the multinational corporations. Also, these institutions effective to give suggestion about economy. Global trends which are around the world have shown that the more stringent and effective labor legislation, the more likely MNC’s will relocate to another jurisdiction. As a result, globalization endangers the jobs and employment benefits that labor law was intended to protect. As in any enterprise, big and small, the maximization of profits and resources must be of paramount importance. By enlarging the scope of the World Trade Organization to the equalization of labor standards , the prospects of more efficient international trade relations become further possible , but not without triggering intense protests from the most affected stake-holder the labor of the world . The Bretton Woods Organizations Prior to the WTO An Overview Prior the emergence of the World Trade Organization, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were established by different states after World War II to firstly help in reconstruction efforts to countries devastated by the war. More so , these two institutions lent billions of dollars in aid to underdeveloped countries to fast-track their economic growth especially in the wake of complex issues such as government corruption , civil war , recession , among others . Their primary task has been to assist and provide economic assistance to hundreds of developing countries in various fields such as education , agriculture ,land reform , healthcare , energy production , and even governance ,notwithstanding at the forefront of monitoring exchange rates and balance of payments of different countries . The two institutions also embark of comprehensive economic researches on the plight of different countries to determine the best recourse of aid, depending on the local needs of the beneficiary state, such as infrastructure, education, and healthcare, among others. However, the IMF and the WB have been better known in the underdeveloped world as loaning billions of dollars in aid that are laden with various conditionality’s which sometimes leave the beneficiary countries at a disadvantage, notwithstanding allegations that these institutions were complicit in the funding of military dictatorship that terrorized much of Latin America and parts of Asia in the second half of the 20th century. One particular example of this has been the relentless llegations that the two institutions continuously sent aid to the Philippine government under the regime of Dictator Ferdinand Marcos even if both institutions knew that much of the aid shall not trickle down to Philippine constituents but rechanneled to Marcos and his cronies Swiss bank accounts. Nonetheless, for as long as the WB and the IMF continues to enjoy a legal and political presumption of good faith and service in its dealings with its member countries, no amount of international propaganda should preclude the two institutions from pursuing its goals and objectives. Reference http://www.outofthetrees.co.uk/resources/technologies.php

The Habit Of Identity :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites In a famous experiment, students were asked to take a lemon home and to get used to it. Three days later, they were able to single out â€Å"their† lemon from a pile of rather similar ones. They seemed to have bonded. Is this the true meaning of love, bonding, coupling? Do we simply get used to other human beings, pets, or objects? Habit forming in humans is reflexive. We change ourselves and our environment in order to attain maximum comfort and well being. It is the effort that goes into these adaptive processes that forms a habit. The habit is intended to prevent us from constant experimenting and risk taking. The greater our well being, the better we function and the longer we survive. Actually, when we get used to something or to someone – we get used to ourselves. In the object of the habit we see a part of our history, all the time and effort that we put into it. It is an encapsulated version of our acts, intentions, emotions and reactions. It is a mirror reflecting back at us that part in us, which formed the habit. Hence, the feeling of comfort: we really feel comfortable with our own selves through the agency of the object of our habit. Because of this, we tend to confuse habits with identity. If asked WHO they are, most people will resort to describing their habits. They will relate to their work, their loved ones, their pets, their hobbies, or their material possessions. Yet, all of these cannot constitute part of an identity because their removal does not change the identity that we are seeking to establish when we enquire WHO someone is. They are habits and they make the respondent comfortable and relaxed. But they are not part of his identity in the truest, deepest sense. Still, it is this simple mechanism of deception that binds people together. A mother feels that her off spring are part of her identity because she is so used to them that her well being depends on their existence and availability. Thus, any threat to her children is interpreted to mean a threat on her Self. Her reaction is, therefore, strong and enduring and can be recurrently elicited. The truth, of course, is that her children ARE a part of her identity in a superficial manner.

Chemistry-Precipitation Essay

My unknown chemical is sodium iodide. This was determined by testing the chemical with cations such as silver nitrate, cobalt (II) nitrate, and copper nitrate. It was also tested with anions: sodium iodide, sodium carbonate, sodium oxalate, and sodium phosphate. It was tested to see if the product will yield a precipitate or solid (cloudiness, power, or crystals) and any color changes that are very similar to the products/changes when all the known cations and anions were tested for changes. First of all, sodium iodide is an anion, it was determined that the unknown chemical was an anion because it did not react with any of the anions. Since the unknown did not react with the anions, it did not produce a solid or precipitate. This is chemically true because the new products will both contain NO3, or nitrate, and NO3 is aqueous with all cations. When the unknown was tested with silver nitrate a solid was produced, but also the color was a light yellow that is quite similar to the description of the product of sodium iodide added to silver nitrate (a dull but light yellow). This color was not exactly similar to the colors formed from other combinations as they were â€Å"slightly yellow† for the formula 2AgNO3(aq)+NaCO3(aq) –>AgCO3(s)+2NaNO3(aq) , â€Å"white† for 2AgNO3(aq)+NaC2O4(aq) –>AgC2O4(s)+2NaNO3(aq) , and â€Å"yellowish† for 3AgNO3(aq)+Na3PO4(aq) –>Ag3PO4(s)+3NaNO3(aq). A solid was formed in both situations due to a cloudy substance that formed with the silver nitrate + sodium iodide and the unknown + silver nitrate. It makes sense that a solid was formed because: AgNO3(aq)+NaI(aq) –>AgI(s)+NaNO3(aq) On the back of the periodic table it states that if the anion I- is part of the compound then cations like Ag+ and Pb2+ will form a solid with it. Since it is AgI, a solid is clearly formed. When the unknown was tested with cobalt (II) nitrate a solid was not produced and there was no color change it was the same light pink as originally, similar to the description of the product of sodium iodide added to cobalt (II) nitrate which was same light pink as the original color of the mixture. A solid was not formed in both situations because: Co(NO3)2(aq)+2NaI(aq) –>CoI2(aq)+2NaNO3(aq) According to the back of the periodic table it states that if the anion iodine is part of the compound then cations like Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Cu+ will form a solid with it, but iodine with all other cations form an aqueous solution. Therefore, since cobalt is not listed as one of the cations that iodine forms a solid with, no solid would be formed which is exactly what happened when sodium iodide was added to cobalt (II) nitrate and no other combination with cobalt (II) nitrate. Since sodium iodide in combination with cobalt (II) nitrate was the only one involving cobalt (II) nitrate that did not have a reaction it proves that the unknown is one of the two. But, since it has been proven that unknown is an anion, sodium iodide is our only option. When the unknown was tested with copper (II) nitrate a solid was produced, but also the color was a dark orange-yellow that was not too cloudy. This description is basically the same as the description of the product of sodium iodide added to copper (II) nitrate which was â€Å"dark yellow/range tone, copper color, slightly cloudy†. A solid was formed in both situations because it was slightly cloudy in both situations. Cu(NO3)2 (aq)+2NaI(aq) –> CuI2(s)+2NaNO3(aq) According to the back of the periodic table it states that if the anion iodine is part of the compound then cations like Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, and Cu+ will form a solid with it. Therefore, since copper is listed as one of the cations that iodine forms a solid with, a solid would be formed which is exactly what happened when sodium iodide was added to copper (II) nitrate. Since sodium iodide in combination with copper (II) nitrate was the only combination to form a dark yellow/orange color of all 4 anions in combination with the cation copper (II) nitrate sodium iodide seems the only option for the unknown. It is also not probable that the unknown is copper (II) nitrate because if there is a precipitate and a color change, it would not be the same color because different formulas yield different reactions like the colors formed. They are all unique.

Happy Family Environment

My family has 4 people: Dad, Mom, R, and A. Dad is a Chemist and Mom is an Engineer. Regardless of that they both are well educated; they have been arguing a lot. R is a 16 year old son and A is an 11 year old daughter and both are dramatized by their parents’ fighting. As a mom, she wishes to have a happy family. A happy family environment should not be so difficult to accomplish. A few positive things such as the parents should not be fighting any more, everyday children doing their homework dynamically and having dinner together, and we all sleep in the same cozy room. These would make us a very happy family. When parents have different opinions, they should communicate with each other in a good perceptive way. They should listen and understand what the other would like to express instead of being defensive. Parents should not being sarcastic to each other. Parents should only say positive and encouragement words to each other. Parents should support each other; especially, in front of the children. When parents are able to show compassionate and love to each other, children will also feel the love. When parents are no longer fight, the whole family will experience a very happy family. As a mom, after work, she comes home and prepares dinner for the family. She would be very happy to see Dad and the children surround the diner table studying. She understands it is a hard work for Dad to coordinate the children to doing their homework; however, with Dad’s direction, she would think the children would do the work much efficiently. After prepared the dinner, she would serve and we all have dinner together everyday. During dinner time, we can share our day and enlighten each other with a joke or a funny story. This will sure award us as a very happy family. And last, our house is huge with many rooms of our own, but sleeping in the same room would make everyone feels close to each other. Not to mention that we could save a bit on the electricity bills yet it is very cozy. We have each other in one cozy room for the night. Nothing can make us happier. In conclusion, to have a happy family environment, parents should never fight, children finish their homework accordingly while mom preparing for dinner, and we all sleep in one cozy room. These would make us the happiest family in the whole world. No one would ask for anything else.

Ethical Dilemma Essays - Dilemmas, Philosophy, Philosophy Of Life

Ethical Dilemma Essays - Dilemmas, Philosophy, Philosophy Of Life Ethical Dilemma In this paper I will provide information about an ethical dilemma that I have experienced or witnessed. Included in this paper will be the essential points of the dilemma, how it intersects with my personal values and how would I solve this dilemma and why. Ethics as a philosophy is concerned with being a good person, living a good life and doing what a person feels as right. This includes reasoning about general principles and using thought processes to develop appropriate actions to any given situation. Ethics go beyond the formulating of ideas to justify actions; it attempts to show that some ideas, thoughts, and actions are sounder than others (Freeman, 2000). The "Merriam-Webster Dictionary" (2013) website states that ethics in the workplace are the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. I work as an advocate for a domestic violence agency. Through the last seven years, I have seen people come and go; clients and coworkers alike. I have heard so many stories; good and bad and have dealt with several ethical dilemmas though my time here. The most current and ongoing dilemma in the workplace is with a coworker. The agency I work for has an advocate position at the local Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS), which is called the CSO (customer service office) advocate. This position is good for people receiving state benefits in abusive relationships so that the person can talk to an advocate without fear of being found. The advocate in this position is the one causing the dilemma. With any job, there are rules to live by. These are usually stated in workplace policies and procedures, but some are just common sense. My workplace, like many others has policies and procedures. In many places of employment, it is mandatory to call in when running late or when sick. This particular coworker usually does not call in when running late and usually does not call in sick until half-way through the work day. This has been an ethical and moral dilemma for the past few years. She has been asked repeatedly by our director to follow these guidelines but to limited responses. The biggest issue is that calling in is not written in the policies. Common sense says that when a person is running late or sick is that a person calls in before the work day starts. My personal beliefs say that when I am sick or late, it is a common courtesy to let the employer know what is going on. Most employers would fire a person for not calling in. I believe that there need to be a certain amount of accountability for people and if a person cannot participate in the job function, which there are plenty of people qualified who are unemployed and would jump at a chance for a decent paying job. For my other coworkers and I, this has been a major issue. For one, there is no reliability. If we have someone in our office that may need help at the CSO office, we never know if she is there or not. The clients are being hurt by the CSO advocate not showing up for scheduled appointments as well as the possibility of the agency losing a grant because the hours are not being filled. But yet there has been few repercussions associated with the behavior. These behaviors have also had negative effects on the morale of the other employees. The Executive Director of the agency has been documenting these activities and has also stated that she is making sure everything is done legally. The staff does not think that things are being done about the behavior, but we continue to document activity and pass the information to our Director. This seems to be the only thing the staff can do at this point and to have faith that our director will handle the issue in her own time. As Lead Advocate, I continue to pass on information to the Director as well as listen to the director state her ideas and fears about this coworker. The director feels that this person is the type of person who would try to sue the agency

Personal Essay Essays - 9, Music Industry, Music, Free Essays

Personal Essay Essays - 9, Music Industry, Music, Free Essays Ace Personal Essay My name is Annie Chapman and I am sixteen years old. I started my life in 1983, in Los Angeles, actually in a suburb called Culver City. From the hospital I moved into a house on Lucerne Ave with my father Alan Berftman, my mother Mary Lee Chapman, and my older brother by four years, Ace. I spent just short of ten years in that same house. While I lived in Culver City I attended a Spanish emersion elementary school called El Rinclon. There I learned to speak Spanish as a second language. A month before my tenth birthday my parents decided to move to the small town of Little Stone. They took ownership of an old hotel called the Winnemucckah. So into the Winnemucckah we moved. I began third grade at the local school called Oten Valley after Christmas break. After living in the big city I was amazed at how small Little Stone was compared to Los Angeles. After three years of living in the hotel my parents got a divorce. My father then moved back to Los Angeles with an old Army-buddy. Once my father left, my mother, brother, and I moved into a house only a block from the hotel. I was going into I think 7th grade at this time, and Ace was going to Youngton High School as a sophomore. The summer before 8th grade I decided to become a Christian. This was the most important decision Ill ever make and I made it made it because I believe. While in Junior High I participated in a lot of sports such as basketball, volleyball, and snowboarding. It was in these areas that I really got to know the three girls who would someday become my very best friends-Christine Grossman, Emily Whitman, and Robin Otanza; they all played sports with me and were also in my classes. In 8th grade Robin started to go to Youngton as a freshman, but our friendship remained. Ace graduated in 1996 from Youngton School. He went on to Loyola Marymount College for three weeks after which he dropped out and joined the Marine Corps. I was proud of Ace the whole time and while he was in the Marines our relationship grew form fighting siblings to respected friends. When I was a freshman I truly grew to love my brother. All throughout my freshman and sophomore years I continued to snowboard but stopped playing team sports due to a disease in my knees. I really found a love in snowboarding which I still have. When I snowboard I feel free and without any boundaries. I started to snowboard more than the usual once every other week. I would find ways to go on the weekend too, and whenever someone would drive me. It has become a passion of mine. Throughout high school Ive managed to remain friends with Christine and Emily. I had every class with them and would do things with them everyday after school was out. I love spending time with them; its one of my favorite pastimes. Theyve supported me in such things as the Lions Club Speech Contest and 4-H and whatever else I would try to do. They are now more like my sisters because I see them everyday. This year Im going to a different school then two of my best friends which so far is really weird. I miss seeing them in every class and at lunch. Today was only my first day of school and they were both sitting on my couch before they even had to get up so they could see me off to Lone Pine. I plan on keeping these two friendships the rest of my life. Along with close friends, I have a close-knit family. I see my father about twice a month at least and the same with my grandma, especially now with my grandpa gone. I love to spend time with my aunts and their families. We always have a blast. My brother and I have maintained our close friendship and even with him overseas we talk a lot more than some of my friends who have their brothers in the house. Hes a great guy. In my sixteen years Ive been able to

USS California (BB-44) during World War II

USS California (BB-44) during World War II Entering service in 1921, USS California (BB-44) served the US Navy for over a quarter century and saw combat operations during World War II (1939-1945). Dubbed The Prune Barge due to the large volume of the fruit exported by California in the early part of the 20th century, the battleship was the second vessel of the Tennessee-class and was severely damaged during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Raised from the harbors mud, it was repaired and heavily modernized. Rejoining the fleet in 1944, California took part in the Allies island-hopping campaign across the Pacific and played a central role in the Battle of the Surigao Strait. Though hit by a kamikaze in early 1945, the battleship was quickly repaired and returned to action that summer. Remaining in the Pacific through the end of the war, California later helped transport occupation troops to Japan. Design USS California  (BB-44) was the second ship of the  Tennessee-class of battleship.  The ninth  type of dreadnought battleship  (South Carolina, Delaware, Florida,  Wyoming,  New York,  Nevada,  Pennsylvania,  and  New Mexico) built for the US Navy, the  Tennessee-class was intended to be an enhanced variant  of the preceding  New Mexico-class.  The fourth class  to follow the Standard-type approach, which required ships to possess  similar operational and tactical attributes,  the  Tennessee-class was propelled  by  oil-fired boilers rather than  coal and employed an  Ã¢â‚¬Å"all or nothing† armor arrangement.   This armor scheme  called for critical  areas of the ship, such as magazines and engineering, to be heavily protected while less important spaces were left unarmored.  Also, Standard-type battleships were required to have  a  minimum top speed of 21 knots and a tactical turn radius of 700 yards or less. Designed after the  Battle of Jutland, the  Tennessee-class class was the first to utilize the  lessons learned in the engagement.  These included enhanced armor below the waterline as well as fire control systems for both the main and secondary batteries which were placed on top of two large cage masts.   As with the  New Mexico-class, the new ships carried twelve 14 guns in four triple turrets and fourteen 5 guns.  In an improvement over  its predecessors, the main battery on the  Tennessee-class could elevate its guns to 30 degrees which increased the weapons range by 10,000 yards.  Ordered on December 28, 1915, the new class comprised two ships: USS  Tennessee  (BB-43) and USS  California  (BB-44). Construction Laid down at the Mare Island  Naval Shipyard on October 25, 1916, construction of California advanced through the winter and following spring when the  US entered  World War I.  The last battleship built on the West Coast, it slid down the ways on  November 20,  1919, with Barbara Zane,  daughter of California  Governor William D. Stephens, serving as sponsor.  Completing construction,  California  entered commission on August 10, 1921,  with Captain Henry J.  Ziegemeier in command.  Ordered to join the Pacific Fleet, it immediately became this forces flagship. USS California (BB-44) shortly after completion in 1921. US Naval History and Heritage Command USS California (BB-44) - Overview Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  Mare Island Naval ShipyardLaid Down:  October 25, 1917Launched:  November 20, 1919Commissioned:  August 10, 1921Fate:  Sold for scrap Specifications (as built) Displacement:  32,300  tonsLength:  624.5 ft.Beam:  97.3  ft.Draft:  30.3  ft.Propulsion:  Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellersSpeed:  21  knotsComplement:  1,083  men Armament (as built) 12  Ãƒâ€" 14 in. gun (4  Ãƒâ€" 3)14 Ãâ€" 5 in. guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes Interwar Years Over the next several years,  California  participated in a routine cycle of peacetime training, fleet maneuvers, and war games.  A high-performing ship, it won the Battle Efficiency Pennant in 1921 and 1922 as well as Gunnery E awards for 1925 and 1926.  In the former year,  California  led elements of the fleet on a goodwill cruise to Australia and New Zealand.  Returning to its usual operations in 1926, it underwent a brief modernization program in the winter of 1929/30 which saw enhancements to it anti-aircraft defenses and additional elevation added to its main battery.   Though largely operating out of San Pedro, CA during the 1930s,  California  transited the Panama Canal in 1939 to visit the  Worlds Fair in New York City.  Returning to the Pacific, the battleship took part in Fleet Problem XXI in April 1940 which simulated a defense of the Hawaiian Islands.  Due to increasing tensions with Japan, the fleet remained in Hawaiian waters after the exercise and shifted its base to Pearl Harbor.  That year also saw  California  selected as one of the first six ships to receive the new RCA CXAM radar system.  Ã‚  Ã‚   World War II Begins On December 7, 1941,  California  was moored at the southernmost berth on Pearl Harbors Battleship Row.  When the Japanese attacked that morning, the ship quickly sustained two torpedo hits which caused extensive flooding.  This was worsened by the fact that many watertight doors had been left open in preparation for an impending inspection.  The torpedoes were followed by a bomb hit which detonated an  anti-aircraft ammunition magazine.   A second bomb, which just missed, exploded and ruptured several hull plates near the bow.  With the flooding out of control,  California  slowly sunk over the next three days before settling upright in the mud with just its superstructure above the waves.  In the attack, 100 of the crew were killed and 62 wounded.  Two of Californias crew, Robert R. Scott and Thomas Reeves,  posthumously received the Medal of Honor for the actions during the attack. USS California (BB-44) after sinking on December 7, 1941. Naval History and Heritage Command Salvage work commenced a short time later and on March 25, 1942,  California  was re-floated and moved to dry dock for temporary repairs.  On June 7, it departed under its own power for Puget Sound Navy Yard where it would begin a major modernization program.  Entering the yard, this plan saw significant alterations to the ships superstructure, the trunking of the two funnels into one, improved watertight compartmentalization, expansion of the anti-aircraft defenses, alterations to the secondary armament, and a widening of the hull to increase stability and torpedo protection.  This last change pushed  California  past the beam limitations for the Panama Canal essentially limiting it to wartime service in the Pacific. Rejoining the Fight Departing Puget Sound on January 31, 1944,  California  conducted shakedown cruises  off San Pedro before steaming west to aid in the invasion of the Marianas.  That June, the battleship joined combat operations when it provided fire support during the Battle of Saipan.  On June 14, California sustained a hit from a shore battery which inflicted  minor damage and caused 10 casualties (1 killed, 9 wounded).  In July and August, the battleship aided in the landings on Guam and Tinian.  On August 24, California  arrived at Espiritu Santo for repairs after a minor collision with  Tennessee.  Completed, it then departed for Manus on September 17 to join forces massing for the invasion of the Philippines. USS California (BB-44), 1944. Naval History and Heritage Command Covering  the landings on Leyte between October 17 and 20,  California, part of Rear Admiral Jesse Oldendorfs 7th Fleet Support Force, then shifted south to the Surigao Strait.  On the night of October 25, Oldendorf inflicted a decisive defeat on Japanese forces at the Battle of Surigao Strait.  Part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf, the engagement saw several Pearl Harbor veterans exact revenge on the enemy.  Returning to action in early January 1945,  California  provided fire support for the Lingayen Gulf landings on Luzon.  Remaining offshore, it was struck by a kamikaze on January 6 which killed 44 and wounded 155.  Completing operations in the Philippines, the battleship then departed for repairs at Puget Sound. Final Actions In the yard from February through late spring,  California  rejoined the fleet on June 15 when it arrived off Okinawa.  Aiding troops ashore during the final days of the Battle of Okinawa, it then covered minesweeping operations in the East China Sea.  With the end of the war in August,  California  escorted occupation troops to Wakayama, Japan and remained in Japanese waters until mid-October.   Receiving orders to return to the United States, the battleship shaped a course through the Indian Ocean and around the Cape of Good Hope as it was too wide for the Panama Canal.  Touching at Singapore, Colombo, and Cape Town, it arrived at Philadelphia on December 7.  Moved into reserve on August 7, 1946,  California was decommissioned on February 14, 1947.  Retained for twelve years, it was then sold for scrap on March 1, 1959.

Needs Analysis Survey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Needs Analysis Survey - Research Paper Example The Job to be analyzed is the customer service representative. The procedure to be used in collecting job data is questionnaire survey. Some of the questions to be asked during analysis include:†¢Ã‚  What are the formal qualifications of this job combined with the relevant field experience needed in this job?†¢Ã‚  What technical skills are needed in this job such as skills in computers or word processors? †¢Ã‚  Apart from the formal education, what other skills are needed for additional training in this job?†¢Ã‚  What special skills in reading and writing are needed in this job?†¢Ã‚  How long does the training of the specific skills necessary in this job take to perform the job satisfactory?†¢Ã‚  After how long should be skills be updated through training?†¢Ã‚  What is the level of decision making required by this position?†¢Ã‚  How will the training help in the positions the customer service representative oversees or directs?Individual analys isThe individual to be analyzed in this case are the customer service representatives.   The method to be used in collecting the individual analysis information is interviews.   Some of the questions to be asked during this analysis:†¢Ã‚  Do you think you need training in your job?†¢Ã‚  How often should you be trained and why?†¢Ã‚  Do you encounter problems which are difficult to solve?†¢Ã‚  Do you think they can be solved through training?†¢Ã‚  How many days a week do you think are sufficient for your training and for how long?†¢Ã‚  What are your strengths in this job?†¢Ã‚  What are the weaknesses you have in this job?

Reflective Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflective Memo - Essay Example When the Sprint website did not load, a decision was taken to replace it with AT&T. For the final choice, I based the outcome on three separate criteria: $50 or less per month, minimum of one year plan, and any additional features. The Appendix showed all the choices in a chart so that the Executive Director could easily differentiate between the three choices. After the table, some pictures of the three company’s cell phones were included so that the Executive Director could get a visual on what the phones looked like. This was meant to help reinforce his decision. The peer review helped me to tighten the report and cut out any unnecessary words. The whole point of a report like this is to keep it short and concise because management does not have time to weed through all the â€Å"garbage.† I feel confident that the best choice was made based on the data at hand, and I know that the Executive Director will be pleased with the

Comparing Brazilian Culture to American Culture Research Paper

Comparing Brazilian Culture to American Culture - Research Paper Example These segments include ‘Power Distance’, ‘Individualism’, ‘Masculinity’, ‘Uncertainty Avoidance’, ‘Pragmatism’, and ‘Indulgence’ (The Hofstede Center, 2014). The discussion henceforth will give an elaborative account of these cultural segments as observable in the prospective market of the Canadian company, i.e. in Brazil. Power distance exhibits the acceptance of power hierarchy and the inequalities among people residing within a given society. Observably, Brazil scores 69, where Canada scores 39 as per the Hofstede’s model when examining this factor (The Hofstede Center, 2014). This further reveals that where Canada believes in egalitarianism, Brazilian communities believe in power hierarchy and accept the inequality as a part of their culture (Ferguson, 2007). It is thus necessary for the Canadian company to understand the power distance of Brazil and formulate their organizational decision-making structure accordingly. Individualism, another facet of the Hofstede’s cultural model, indicates whether people prefer group oriented lifestyle practices or individualism. Brazil scores 38 in this section according to Hofstede’s model analysis, where Canada scores 80 (The Hofstede Center, 2014). This implies that Brazilian people are group oriented where Canadians are highly individualistic in nature. Certainly, in the business world, group orientation attitude among employees and customers can create the difference of opinions as well as communication gap. Due to the huge difference of nature, it is better for the company to use Polycentrism to connect with the culture of Brazil (Ferguson, 2007). The paradigm of masculinity in the Hofstede’s model replicates whether the cultural backbone of the country is success oriented, achievement-oriented or it is based on the quality of life.  

Improving Performance Efficiency Among SMEs Via Accrual Accounting Essay

Improving Performance Efficiency Among SMEs Via Accrual Accounting Systems - Essay Example In direct relation to the aforementioned, accounting and organisational management scholars have determined that the right accounting software package can substantially contribute to organisational performance and the maximisation of efficiency and effectiveness (Hirst and Hopkins, 1998). In explaining the importance of selecting accounting software, Johnston (2003) highlights the concept of budgeting versus accounting. Line-based cash accounting software packages are only capable of measuring a firm's financial performance and position. Accrual based accounting packages, on the other hand, fulfil that function in addition to the more important budgetary one. Through the former, SME's may determine, not just their financial position, but are given access to invaluable data on the optimal division and distribution of organisational resources. Although, in this highly developed economy, there is hardly an SME which does not manage its accounts through the use of accounting software, few understand the imperatives of adopting an accrual-based accounting package as would aid in the adoption of a budgetary process which, in itself, will substantially contribute to efficient organisational performance and realisation of strategic objectives. Currently, there is an influx of accounting software pa... Currently, there is an influx of accounting software packages tailored to the needs of various customers. The greater majority of these accounting packages, as mentioned by Bresnahan et al. (1998), are based upon the traditional cash-based, line-accounting system due to the overriding perception that this particular accounting system is the easiest to use, on the one hand, and the most popular among SMEs, on the other. However, the market also provides a choice of accrual based accounting software packages, primarily used by the larger organisations (Bresnahan et al., 1998). These packages execute both accounting and budgetary functions. However, SMEs are often reluctant to adopt them, assuming that they are problematic to implement and difficult to use, on the one hand and that the size of their business concerns and activities does not necessitate the adopting of a budgetary process. Within the context of the above stated, the problem to be investigated is the exigencies of adopting an accrual-based accounting software package. In investigating this problem, the report will outline the strategic business value of doing so and outline a strategy for implementation. From a personal perspective, the transition to an accrual based accounting package will invaluably enhance an SME's capacity for growth and development insofar as it will provide it with the tools needed for the more strategic distribution and utilisation of organisational resources. Research Question (59 words) How can the adoption of an accrual accounting system positively contribute to an SME's operational efficiency and effectiveness Implicit in this question is the need to provide an answer which will measure the costs and benefits of adopting accrual based accounting packages, on the one hand,

Human Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Right - Essay Example The forces of telecommunication and economic development revolutions have been working in democratization process in the region, hence bringing about a political change. Through this, discrediting of the communist ideology has enabled people conduct their business out of the control of Chinese Communist Party. The approach of China towards human rights starts mainly out of the domestic concerns. Unlike the US, China’s concept of human right is parallel to the definition of basic rights such as security from violence (Wenjiang 425). Conversely, the US has always attached little importance to economic rights as a legal concern of human rights. For the Chinese government, political rights are there in place to serve social utility since making a strong nation is the utmost priority, hence the state collectivism (Wenjiang 425). Both US and China are in conflicts because of the different political systems for the respective governments have but the profound reason is basic values and different cultures between them. Due to these differences, the US seems not concerned of the pressing needs of the Chinese population in meeting their rights and needs (Kim 42). Over the years, the republic of China has had significant changes on in its social, political, and economic domains. These changes together with policies in China have left imprints on various human right issues in both dimensions of international and domestic. The most controversial policy in China is the One Child Policy and it has raised an array of human rights concerns like sex selective abortions and sterilization (Lee & Lee 88). Such policies are in practice under their traditional gender norms that see boys being in favor than their counterparts the girls. The N. Korean republic is an authoritarian nation under dictatorship where even citizens have no right to change the government. The government has denied its

Improving Performance Efficiency Among SMEs Via Accrual Accounting Essay

Improving Performance Efficiency Among SMEs Via Accrual Accounting Systems - Essay Example In direct relation to the aforementioned, accounting and organisational management scholars have determined that the right accounting software package can substantially contribute to organisational performance and the maximisation of efficiency and effectiveness (Hirst and Hopkins, 1998). In explaining the importance of selecting accounting software, Johnston (2003) highlights the concept of budgeting versus accounting. Line-based cash accounting software packages are only capable of measuring a firm's financial performance and position. Accrual based accounting packages, on the other hand, fulfil that function in addition to the more important budgetary one. Through the former, SME's may determine, not just their financial position, but are given access to invaluable data on the optimal division and distribution of organisational resources. Although, in this highly developed economy, there is hardly an SME which does not manage its accounts through the use of accounting software, few understand the imperatives of adopting an accrual-based accounting package as would aid in the adoption of a budgetary process which, in itself, will substantially contribute to efficient organisational performance and realisation of strategic objectives. Currently, there is an influx of accounting software pa... Currently, there is an influx of accounting software packages tailored to the needs of various customers. The greater majority of these accounting packages, as mentioned by Bresnahan et al. (1998), are based upon the traditional cash-based, line-accounting system due to the overriding perception that this particular accounting system is the easiest to use, on the one hand, and the most popular among SMEs, on the other. However, the market also provides a choice of accrual based accounting software packages, primarily used by the larger organisations (Bresnahan et al., 1998). These packages execute both accounting and budgetary functions. However, SMEs are often reluctant to adopt them, assuming that they are problematic to implement and difficult to use, on the one hand and that the size of their business concerns and activities does not necessitate the adopting of a budgetary process. Within the context of the above stated, the problem to be investigated is the exigencies of adopting an accrual-based accounting software package. In investigating this problem, the report will outline the strategic business value of doing so and outline a strategy for implementation. From a personal perspective, the transition to an accrual based accounting package will invaluably enhance an SME's capacity for growth and development insofar as it will provide it with the tools needed for the more strategic distribution and utilisation of organisational resources. Research Question (59 words) How can the adoption of an accrual accounting system positively contribute to an SME's operational efficiency and effectiveness Implicit in this question is the need to provide an answer which will measure the costs and benefits of adopting accrual based accounting packages, on the one hand,

W6 OM Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

W6 OM Discussion - Essay Example Several modern day project managers associate themselves with six core concepts and processes of project management. These are initiating, planning and design, executing, monitoring and controlling, closing, and project controlling and project control systems (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). These systematic processes are in place to ensure that from the beginning to the end of a project, there are critical considerations for the roles that each stakeholder can play as a way of ensuring that the project becomes integrated and well coordinated to accomplish its desired goals. There are a number of projects across the globe that are perfect examples of the utilization of the core concepts of project management and how successfully these turned out to be. The HM Revenue and Custom’s (HMRC’s) Enterprise Release (ER) project is a perfect example of how project management was employed as a means of implementing IT services in a manner that was described to be in accordance with critical timescales and having very minimal disruptions to the business and public service (The Stationery Office, 2012). Even though there were challenges along the project, using the five major processes namely initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and control, and closing ensured that all of such challenges were overcome in due time. The Stationery Office (2012). Managing successful change: IT service transformation at HMRC. Accessed 17th April, 2014 from

Causes of Obesity Essay Example for Free

Causes of Obesity Essay In fact, obesity is usually caused by unhealthy eating combined with sustained lack of activity. When the amount of calories intake is larger than the amount you need for your daily activities, it will be stored as fat in your body. And the problem of obesity will gradually develop. You may wonder what the main reason of obesity is. As a matter of fact, disorder in eating habits is the main cause of the problem. If you do not try to control the amount and kind of food you eat, you may develop obesity easily. To this end you may know that your lifestyle will certainly have effect on your body weight. Your genetic makeup may also play an important role. The probability for you to develop obesity will certainly be higher if your family members have the history of obesity. As a result, you should be very careful if you family has such history. It is very common for us to eat junk food these days. We are so busy that we tend to have all our meals in our local fast food shops. As a matter of fact, a lot of people love eating burgers. However, they are usually of too much fact and it will not be good to your health if you eat burgers too much. The main problem of eating burgers is that you will not feel full with one burger. Yet a burger can already be enough for your meal. This is really a mismatch and there will certainly be a problem if you eat two burgers in one meal. There are a lot of ways to combat the problem of obesity. Of course you will need to change your lifestyle if you have the problem of obesity. You will need to start eat healthy. You should eat less junk food. Of course at the same time you should not skip any meal. It is also important for you to do more exercises. This will help you to burn more calories so that they will not be stored as fat in your body. If the problem is very serious, you may even need to take a weight loss surgery. However, you should take the option of surgery the last resort.

CHF3 Decomposition by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor

CHF3 Decomposition by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Decomposition of CHF3 by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Duc Ba Nguyen and Won Gyu Lee* Abstract Oxidation of CHF3 was investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor was immersed in an electrical insulating oil. The feed gases was mixed of CHF3, O2 and N2 with O2/N2 ratio of 21/79 volume/volume. The results obtained that 98.98% of CHF3 in the feed gases were destruction under: applied voltage of 7kV, frequency of 30 kHz; total flow rate of 100 ml/min with initial CHF3 concentration of 5%. Herein, selectivity of CO and CO2 in the products was 3.42% and 91.18%, respectively. Decomposition of CHF3 could be increased by improved plasma condition such as increasing applied voltage, increased frequency and decreased initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gases. Keywords: CHF3, dielectric barrier discharge, electrical insulating oil, plasma reaction, oxidation of CHF3 Introduction Decomposition of trifluoromethane (CHF3) is high potential reduce greenhouse gases. Because the 100 years global warming potential of CHF3 is 12000 [1]. Several methods have been employed for the decomposition of CHF3 such as thermal process [2-4], catalyst [5, 6]; plasma or combined plasma with catalyst (CPC) [7-11]. Thermal oxidation is one of effective CHF3 decomposition [12]. However, HF acid and formation fluorinated compounds existed in the exhaust gas stream along with high operation temperature (1473 K) [2]. It mean that the process is high cost, require material reactor and concern environmental. Thus, other process are required for treatment of exhaust gas such as absorbed acids, cooling process and decomposition of fluorinated compounds before ambient atmospheric emission [2, 11]. Catalyst methods could be reduced operation temperatures in the abatement of CHF3. However, HF formation and also operation temperature above 500 0C lead to reducing effective of catalyst [13-15]. Several above challenges could be solved by plasma or CPC, including, non-thermal plasma (NTP) is attractive and effective decomposition of CHF3 [16, 17]. Decomposition of CHF3 in NTP is lead to interaction between of high energy electrons, radicals and gas molecules. Herein, NTP could be generated high energy electr ons and radicals under high energy electrical. Therefore, decomposition of CHF3 could be performed at room temperature, ambient atmospheric pressure, fast conversion and easy realization by plasma method. However, several researchers have been reported the decomposition of CHF3 by catalyst or CPC with several thousand parts per million of CHF3 in the feed gases [18, 19]. It demonstrated that process yields were low. Moreover, the emission source of CHF3 is semiconductor industries, air condition, polystyrene industries and commercial refrigeration. So that the gas waste included CHF3 and air. Therefore, abatement of CHF3 in the gas waste is need before into atmosphere. In this study, decomposition of CHF3 with Zero Air (21% O2 and 79% N2) performed in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor under initial CHF3 concentration was not less than 5.0% (v/v). The reactor was immersed in an electrically insulating oil bath. Effect of several factors on the reaction investigated, namely, applied voltage, applied frequency, initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gas. These factors were examined on the decomposition of CHF3 and product components. Experimental The schematic of the experiment setup is shown in Fig. 1. A system is composed of four main parts: a feed gas system, an AC high voltage pulse power supply, a plasma reactor, and an analysis system. The reactor has an inner stainless steel stick as the power electrode that is 15 mm in diameter. The power electrode was placed inside a quartz tube as a dielectric barrier. Its outer diameter was 20 mm, and its thickness was 1.5 mm. Therefore, the discharge gap was fixed at 1.0 mm. Copper foil was wrapped around the quartz tube as the ground electrode, and its length was 200 mm. Thus, the discharge volume was about 10 ml. The plasma reactor was immersed in an electrically insulating oil bath (transformed oil provided by Michang Oil, KSC2301). The volume of electrical insulating oil bath was about 5000 ml. AC pulse power supply with 2 kW capacity was used for plasma ignition, which had a supply voltage and a frequency up to 30 kV (peak-to-peak) and 30 kHz, respectively. The electrical power was controlled by manual adjustment of the applied voltage level. The power waveforms were recorded by an oscilloscope (Tektronix 2012B). Fig. 2 showed a typical voltage, current, and discharge power waveforms generated under the process condition: total flow rate of 100 ml/min with CHF3 in the feed of 5% (v/v), frequency of 30 kHz; applied voltage of 7 kV. Discharge power was integral of current and voltage as shown in the equation below: Discharge power (P), (1) All of the experiments were performed at ambient atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The volume of gas products was measured by a soap-bubble flow meter. The composition of the gas products was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC, Younglin YL6100GC) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a flame ionization detector (FID). A CarboxenTM 1010 PLOT capillary column was used in the GC column and the flow rate of Ar as a carrier was 6.0 ml/min. The products of plasma reaction with mixing of CHF3, O2 and N2 included N2O, NO2, COF2, F2, CF4, CO, CO2, CHF3, O2, N2 and so on [19]. However, the GC analysis could detect the reaction products including CO, CO2, and CHF3. According to the analysis of the products, the overall conversion, carbon balance and selectivity were defined as follows: (2) (3) (4) (5) Results and discussion Effect of applied voltage An applied voltage is important factor in the plasma process. Which is usually used to ignite and sustain glow discharge. Moreover, the degree of plasma reaction depend on the level of applied voltage, for example conversion of reactants and selectivity of products [19, 20]. The effect of applied voltage on the reaction was investigated under applied voltage from 4 to 7 kV, total flow rate of 100 ml/min with CHF3 concentration of 5% in the feed gases; frequency of 30 kHz. The results was shown as in fig 3. At applied voltage of 4 kV, the conversion of CHF3 obtained at 0%, however, the conversion of CHF3 was increased sharply from 5 to 7 kV applied voltage in fig 3 (a). The results demonstrated that energy input at applied voltage of 4 kV into discharge zone was not enough for dissociation of gases molecules. It due to lack of electron and radical formation for plasma reaction. However, electron and radicals for plasma reaction could be formed when applied voltage above of 4 kV. In ad dition, bond-dissociation energy of F-CHF2 and H-CF3 were 539.9 and 445.2 kJ/mol-1 at 298 K, respectively [21]. Discharge power increased sharply from 8 to 41 W, when applied voltage increased from 5 to 7 kV. It was caused of increasing CHF3 conversion in these experiments. Consequently, concentration of CHF3 in the gas outlet was 0.054% at applied voltage of 7 kV as shown in fig 3(b). An applied voltage was also effect on the component of gas outlet. The concentration of CO2 were increased significantly by increasing applied voltage from 5 to 7 kV, while, the concentration of CO were changed slightly during those experiments as shown in fig 3(b). In fact that, more radical and molecules in the discharge zone could be formed under high discharge power such as F, H, CF3, CF2, COF2, COF, CO, CO2, F2 and so on [19]. Therefore, conversion of reactants and products formation increased. Moreover, the selectivity of CO2 increased from 40% to 89% when applied voltage from 5 to 6 kV. Consequently, it increased slightly at applied voltage of 7 kV as shown in fig 3 (c). On the contract, the selectivity of CO decreased slightly from 5 to 6 kV and then it decreased gradually at applied voltage of 7 kV. The results due to increasing radical oxygen formation in the discharge zone when applied voltage increased from 5 to 7 kV. Carbon balance decreased slightly, when applied voltag e increased from 6 to 7 kV. It mean that total selectivity of CO and CO2 decreased. In fig 3 (c) shown that decreased selectivity of CO caused of reducing carbon balance. As the results, the maximum conversion of CHF3 obtained at 98.98% under applied voltage of 7 kV, frequency of 30 kHz, total flow rate of 100 ml/min and CHF3 concentration in the feed gases of 5%. Herein, the selectivity of CO2 and CO 91.18% and 3.42% in the product, respectively. Effect of initial CHF3 concentration Conversion of reactants could be improved by reducing initial amount of reactants in the feed. However, it caused of decreasing yield processing. Effect of initial CHF3 concentration on the reactions were investigated under applied voltage of 7 kV, frequency of 30 kHz and total flow rate of 100 ml/min. The results was shown in fig 4. The conversion of CHF3 decreased slightly from 98.98% to 95.94% when initial CHF3 concentration in the feed increased from 5% to 15%. It was as shown in fig 4 (a). The results demonstrated that conversion rate of CHF3 depended slightly on the range of initial CHF3 concentration. It was due to increased amount of CHF3 molecules in the discharge zone together with decreasing power discharge when initial CHF3 concentration increased as shown in fig 4 (a). Because of total flow rate constant, if CHF3 molecules increased then Nitrogen and oxygen molecules decreased. Moreover, bond-dissociation energy of O-O was 498.36 kJ/mol-1 at 298K. It is low than bond-dis sociation energy of F-CHF2 (539.9 kJ/mol-1) but higher than that of H-CF3 (445.2 kJ/mol-1) at 298 K [21]. At initial CHF3 concentration of 15%, the ratio of CHF3/O2 in the feed was 1/1.19. Several reason above due to conversion of CHF3 depended slightly in the range of initial CHF3. Initial concentration of CHF3 was effective on the concentration of CO2 in the products. However, it did not significantly on the concentration of CO and CHF3 in the products as shown in fig 4 (b). In the detail, concentration of CO2 increased from 4.79% to 14.20% when initial CHF3 concentration increased from 5% to 15%. On the other hand, concentration of CO were increased from 0.18% to 0.38%, while, increasing CHF3 concentration remain from 0.05% to 0.69%, respectively. In fig 4 (c) presented that the selectivity of CO and CO2 were decreased slightly by increasing initial CHF3 concentration in the feed gases. They caused of decreasing carbon balance during increasing initial CHF3 concentration in the feed. As the results, reactant conversion and products selectivity were depending slightly on the initial CHF3 concentration from 5% to 15% in these experiments. Effect of frequency Frequency of applied power is important factor along with voltage. Because they effected on the discharge power (equation 1) and applied power waveform. The effect of frequency on the reaction were investigated under condition of 7 kV applied voltage and 100 ml/min total flow rate with 5% CHF3 concentration in the feed. The results was shown in fig 5. It showed that the conversion of CHF3 increased significantly from 10 to 20 kHz; then it increased slightly at frequency of 30 kHz. While, discharge power increased gradually when frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz as shown in fig 5(a). One of reason increased CHF3 conversion was increased discharge power when applied frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz. Applied frequency also effect on the component of products. It was shown in fig 5 (b). Concentration of CO2 increased significantly from 2.89% to 4.79%, while, concentration of CO decreased from 0.36% to 0.18% when applied frequency increased from 10 to 30 kHz. Although, decreased CO concentration rate is twice when applied frequency from 10 to 30 kHz but it was small compared with concentration of CO2 in the products. As the same trend of concentration in products, the selectivity of CO2 increased, while, the selectivity of CO decreased when increased applied frequency as shown in fig 5 (c). The results presented that trend of CO2 and CO selectivity were opposed. It was caused of carbon balance did not change significantly from 10 to 20 kHz. However, carbon balance were increased when applied frequency increased from 20 to 30 kHz. It could be explained by that the selectivity of CO2 increased was more than reducing of CO selectivity at frequency of 30 kHz. Therefore, total molecules of CO and CO2 were increased when increased applied frequency from 20 to 30 kHz. In addition, carbon balance depending on total molecules of CO and CO2 (Equation 3). Consequently, increasing of applied frequency was not only increasing CHF3 conversion and CO2 selectivity but also reduced the selectivity of CO. Conclusion Destruction of CHF3 with zero air by a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge immersed in the electrically insulating oil bath was investigated. Several factors were effect on the reaction has been studied such as applied voltage, frequency and initial reactant concentration. The conversion of CHF3 was improved by increasing applied voltage and frequency; decreasing initial concentration of CHF3 in the feed gases. One of reason was the factors effect on the discharge power in the plasma reaction. The results demonstrated that the reactor was potential for CHF3 decomposing with initial reactant concentration was from 5% to 15% in the feed gases. More 95% of CHF3 in the feed could be destructed to CO, CO2 and so on, herein, total selectivity of CO and CO2 was more than 85% in the products. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MEST) (2010-0007450). References [1] D. HoughtonJT, N. GriggsDJ, D. Van der LindenPJ, J. MaskellK, Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001). [2] A. McCulloch, Background_240305. pdf [Accessed 15 April 2010] (2005). [3] W. Han, E.M. Kennedy, S.K. Kundu, J.C. Mackie, A.A. Adesina, B.Z. Dlugogorski, J. Fluorine Chem. 131 (2010) 751. [4] P. Zhang, L. Cao, R. Pan, Z. Jiang, K. Qin, Q. Li, Procedia Engineering 62 (2013) 337. [5] N. Nagasaki, Y. Morikuni, K. Kawada, S. Arai, Catal. Today 88 (2004) 121. [6] G. Luo, Y. Luo, J. Qu, New J. Chem. 37 (2013) 3274. [7] H. Sekiguchi, T. Honda, A. Kanzawa, Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 13 (1993) 463. [8] A.B. Murphy, T. McAllister, Phys. Plasmas 8 (2001) 2565. [9] M.B. Chang, H.M. Lee, Catal. Today 89 (2004) 109. [10] D.H. Kim, Y.S. Mok, S.B. Lee, S.M. Shi, J. Adv. Oxid. Technol. 13 (2010) 36. [11] W. Han, Y. Li, H. Tang, H. Liu, J. Fluorine Chem. 140 (2012) 7. [12] Validation Projects Methodologies: AM0001, Unfccc (2014) Accesed on 01/16 https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/Validation/index.html [13] H. Onoda, T. Ohta, J. Tamaki, K. Kojima, Applied Catalysis A: General 288 (2005) 98. [14] W.B. Feaver, J.A. Rossin, Catal. Today 54 (1999) 13. [15] J.Y. Jeon, X.-F. Xu, M.H. Choi, H.Y. Kim, Y.-K. Park, Chem. Commun. (2003) 1244. [16] C.L. Hartz, J.W. Bevan, M.W. Jackson, B.A. Wofford, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 682. [17] B.A. Wofford, M.W. Jackson, C. Hartz, J.W. Bevan, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 (1999) 1892. [18] D.H. Kim, Y.S. Mok, S.B. Lee, Thin Solid Films 519 (2011) 6960. [19] M.S. Gandhi, Y.S. Mok, J. Environ. Sci. 24 (2012) 1234. [20] L.M. Zhou, B. Xue, U. Kogelschatz, B. Eliasson, Energy Fuels 12 (1998) 1191. [21] D.R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition Internet Version, 1405-1438, CRC Press/Taylor and Francis: Boca Raton, FL, (2010). List of figure Fig.1.Schematic diagram of the experimental setup Fig. 2. Typical signal of the voltage, current, and discharge power (total flow rate = 100 ml/min; CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume; applied voltage= 7 kV; frequency=30 kHz). Fig. 3. Effect of applied voltage on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power, (b) component of products; and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min; CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume; frequency=30 kHz). Fig. 4. Effect of initial concentration of CHF3 on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power; (b) component of products; and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min; applied voltage = 7 kV; frequency=30 kHz). Fig. 5. Effect of frequency on (a) conversion of CHF3 and discharge power; (b) component of products; and (c) carbon balance and selectivity of products (total flow rate = 100 ml/min; CHF3 in feed= 5% of volume; applied voltage = 7 kV). Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 1

The Importance of Work-Life Initiatives Essay -- Human Resource Manage

Work causes stress. Both men and women are working, raising a family, and going to school. Previously, women in the work force would take demotions or walk away from careers when having children. Today, families rely on a dual income. With both parents working full time, while raising children, the relationship between work and home responsibilities are unbalanced. This unbalance creates stress for both the employee and the employer. Work-life balance is the need to provide a schedule that will combine work, family relationships, and leisure time into a satisfying life. Flexible work arrangements balance work and home responsibilities; which helps employees deal with stress, motivates them, and empowers. Organizations need to assess workplace culture and provide mechanisms to support work-life balance that are mutually beneficial to both the organization and the employee. Individuals each have unique responsibilities that define the meaning of work-life balance. Employees in the workforce that fulfill family and work commitments have achieved a sense of work-life balance ("The business imperative," 2009). The distinction between work and personal life used to be clear. Today, personal commitments suffer for lack of time and energy. Unfortunately, the demands of work outweigh the demands at home, because without work the home does not exist. The unbalanced work-life creates negative and disengaged employees. It costs the U.S. economy between $250 and $300 billion every year in lost productivity alone (Clifton & Rath, 2009). Organizations now realize their success directly relates to the moral of their employees. Organizations that demand complete loyalty and extensive overtime fi... ...ight%20q2%202009.pdf McMahon, C., & Pocock, B. Australian Government, EOWA. (2011). Doing things differently: Case studies of work-life innovation in six Australian workplaces. Retrieved from http://www.eowa.gov.au/Information_Centres/Resource_Centre/EOWA_Publications/University_of_SA_Case_Study/UniSA_Case%20Studies%20report_April2011.pdf Nixon, J. (n.d.). Work-life balance. In M. Simmering (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Business (2nd ed. pp. Tr-Z). Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Work-Life-Balance.html SHRM. (2011). Shrm research spotlight: Flexible work arrangements. Retrieved from http://www.shrm.org/research/surveyfindings/documents/11-workflexflier_final_rev.pdf Yasbek, P. (2004), The business case for firm-level work-life balance policies: a review of the literature. Retrieved from http://w.iaa.govt.nz/PDFs/FirmLevelWLB.pdf The Importance of Work-Life Initiatives Essay -- Human Resource Manage Work causes stress. Both men and women are working, raising a family, and going to school. Previously, women in the work force would take demotions or walk away from careers when having children. Today, families rely on a dual income. With both parents working full time, while raising children, the relationship between work and home responsibilities are unbalanced. This unbalance creates stress for both the employee and the employer. Work-life balance is the need to provide a schedule that will combine work, family relationships, and leisure time into a satisfying life. Flexible work arrangements balance work and home responsibilities; which helps employees deal with stress, motivates them, and empowers. Organizations need to assess workplace culture and provide mechanisms to support work-life balance that are mutually beneficial to both the organization and the employee. Individuals each have unique responsibilities that define the meaning of work-life balance. Employees in the workforce that fulfill family and work commitments have achieved a sense of work-life balance ("The business imperative," 2009). The distinction between work and personal life used to be clear. Today, personal commitments suffer for lack of time and energy. Unfortunately, the demands of work outweigh the demands at home, because without work the home does not exist. The unbalanced work-life creates negative and disengaged employees. It costs the U.S. economy between $250 and $300 billion every year in lost productivity alone (Clifton & Rath, 2009). Organizations now realize their success directly relates to the moral of their employees. Organizations that demand complete loyalty and extensive overtime fi... ...ight%20q2%202009.pdf McMahon, C., & Pocock, B. Australian Government, EOWA. (2011). Doing things differently: Case studies of work-life innovation in six Australian workplaces. Retrieved from http://www.eowa.gov.au/Information_Centres/Resource_Centre/EOWA_Publications/University_of_SA_Case_Study/UniSA_Case%20Studies%20report_April2011.pdf Nixon, J. (n.d.). Work-life balance. In M. Simmering (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Business (2nd ed. pp. Tr-Z). Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Work-Life-Balance.html SHRM. (2011). Shrm research spotlight: Flexible work arrangements. Retrieved from http://www.shrm.org/research/surveyfindings/documents/11-workflexflier_final_rev.pdf Yasbek, P. (2004), The business case for firm-level work-life balance policies: a review of the literature. Retrieved from http://w.iaa.govt.nz/PDFs/FirmLevelWLB.pdf

A Portrait of a Child as a Language User Essay

‘A simple definition’ of language ‘might be that it is â€Å"a system of symbols and rules that enable us to communicate† and that ‘words, either written or spoken are symbols’ and ‘rules specify how words are ordered to form sentences’ (Harley, 2008, pg. 5). However this can be debated and as a result ‘many linguists think that providing a formal definition of language is a waste of time’ (Harley, 2008, pg5). ‘There is no human society that does not have a fully developed language; being human and being a language user go hand in hand’ I have chosen Bella, aged 6 to be my focus child. She is articulate, cheerful and a friendly. She is inquisitive and has a dynamic view on life. She listens well in class and understands what she has to do, and can work both independently and in a group. She enjoys and excels in her artwork. Socially she is very comfortable around peers, adults and communicates to either with respect and consideration. She is able to express her feelings easily. She comes from an English speaking background with no discernible accent or dialect. I am interested in her reading skill set- the strategies she uses to sound a word and her interpretation or ‘ideational function’ of the text. She enjoys the visual stimulus of the illustrations. She reads her school reading tree books with her mom daily and enjoys looking through the books at school. Literacy is very important part in Bella’s school where ‘good teachers give pupils many opportunities to do independent, silent reading in a school which is richly stocked with books and where teachers and children discuss their books they have read’ (Collins & Safford, 2008, pg. 17). If I use the bottom up approach to reading, she does ‘use phonics to the exclusion of all other cues in reading’ (cited by Atkinson, 2013, pg. 8). Because she tends to sound out each grapheme- using synthetic phonics, before blending a word, unless it is a very simple three letter word she recognizes- she sometimes loses the meaning of the text. I have observed this by asking her a specific question regarding the text on the page she was reading and she couldn’t remember what she had just read. She tends to rely on print cues and not her prediction of the situation. If I used the top down approach; looking at the title and illustration on the front cover, discussing what the book is about, what genre is it familiar to, letting her open the book and scan the illustrations throughout the book. If I actively build on what she could see in the illustration- to stimulate her thinking before we approach the text- she would approach and read with familiarity, and have a better understanding. When she does get stuck on the text I get her to come out of the small shapes and look at the illustration, talk about what is going on in it and what she thinks may happen next, she then goes back to the text with more confidence of what the words may convey. In Winnie’s Midnight Dragon she substituted ‘midnight’ for ‘magic’. She did not self- correct as ‘magic dragon’ makes syntactic and semantic sense. It was only when I prompted her did she use her synthetic phonic knowledge to blend the letters. For the sounding of midnight she pronounced it as ‘midnig-herty’-she used her knowledge of graphemes but not of the sound of the phoneme trigraph ‘igh’. She had to be reminded of the sound ‘igh’ makes, I explained that the ‘g’ is silent and we discussed ‘that English is a crazy language- the most loopy and wiggy of all tongues’ (Lederer, 1989, pg. 3). The word ‘high’ she pronounced as ‘hing’ but went back to self-correct as her cue was semantic and she knew the sentence didn’t make sense.

Quantitative marketing research Essay

A. Market study The researchers used descriptive method because the sudy needs detailed analysis and understanding of the proposed business. Survey questionnaires served as the research instrument in gathering information about the needs and wants of the target market so that demand and supply will be determined and analysed. The result of the survey will determine the feasibility of the proposed business. The researchers will make use of questionnaires that will be give to random by chosen respondents. The respondents of the study are the students of Saint Columban College. The researcher will use random sampling, by which random students is given an equal chance to be chosen as respondents. The survey questionnaire will be distributed to the students and they will be interviewed for further acquisition of significant information. In gathering data, the researchers will use the survey method by distributing the questionnaires in the main entrance, exit, and in the campus of Saint Columban College. The survey questionnaire will be submitted to the experts for validity and reliability purposes. After gathering all the data from the respondents, the researchers will tally the results and the total responses will be tabulated. The data will be interpreted and analysed to serve as the basis of the feasibility of the pizza haus. B. Human Resource Study The researcher will conduct a personal interview as an instrument of gathering data. The researcher proposed the type of ownership which is sole proprietorship for this type of organization. The company’s identification name and its structure were determined through sharing of ideas, opinions and suggestions by the researchers. The researchers will visit the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) for personal interview about the labor laws in the Philippines that must be observed in hiring employees, the right compensation of the employees, proper handling of employees and establishing operating policies. The researchers will also visit other business to gather information in recruiting personnel in the creation of organizational structure, the researchers will make use of their ideas and knowledge that they learned from human resource management. C. Socio-Economic Study The researcher will conduct personal interview to catch a relevant information for the socio-economic study. The researcher will visit the local government to gather information about the unemployment rate of Pagadian City and what would be the effect if this proposed business will be established in the community. D. Environmental study In this study, the researchers will take precautionary actions in the proper disposal of waste and the list of the possible effects or the impact of the business to the environment. The researchers will conduct personal interview to the local government officials to gather suggestions and idea on proper disposal of wastes created by JAS Pizza Haus. Also with respect of the Law, the proposed business will take some precautionary actions with the legal documents that is required to establish this business. E. Technical Study In this study, the researchers will use a set of questionnaires in order to gather information. The questions will be focusing on the suppliers for the operation of the business. The group will go to Pagadian City to visit the area and to inquire for a vacant space outside Saint Columban College campus for the location of the Pizza Haus. The researchers will also visit a pizza parlor to consult and inquire for the equipment needed for baking a pizza, the suppliers of the pizza ingredients especially the dough and the service processes of the business. Also, the group will canvass the prices of the plastic chairs and tables from plastic wares store, and lastly, the group will talk to the owner of the space’s terms and conditions in renting. F. Financial Study The researchers will conduct a personal interview from our adviser of this study and also from the CPAs for the means of gathering information of how much will be the capital needed for this proposed, and this capital will be taken from the investment of our proponent. Questions will focus on how much will be the cost of purchasing of those needed materials. The researchers will compute it properly to know the estimated budget for the overall initial investment of the proposed business.

Appiled Arts Essay

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the â€Å"applied arts. † Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function. ?Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor’s aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

Transcript of Spoken Interaction with a Critical Commentary Essay

Transcript of Spoken Interaction with a Critical Commentary - Essay Example It helps researchers to determine a child’s sound abilities. Most natural discourse involves an adult and a child. The linguistic feature of the transcript below is phonology awareness, which involves analysis of sound patterns to come up with meanings. Many children learn to produce sounds, but cannot relate the sounds to the meanings of words. Other children are able to merge sounds to formulate words. The informant is a three-year-old girl. The dialogue took place on a farm in the countryside. The adult and the child were having a conversation about what they saw as in the farm. The adult is a distant relative of the child. They talked about the animals, plants and fruits, which they saw. Children listen to various sounds to learn their languages. They learn to differentiate various sounds, and to divide the speech into meaningful units to enable them to come up with words and sentences. Children also have to learn to extract a word from a speech sequence, and to understand the meaning of the word. They also learn to distinguish different sounds to understand the meanings of words with the same sounds. Some children may learn the meaning of words, but are unable to produce the correct sounds in their speech. Phonological awareness is the capability to concentrate on the elements of sound in speech. It also involves manipulation of sound elements such as syllables and phonemes. The awareness may include matching, fusion and study of spoken words. Child phonology describes the phenomena in children’s language. The descriptions of these aspects and developmental patterns are not sufficient to come up with a proposition of attainment of phonology. There are two dim ensions of phonological awareness; the first deals with the magnitude of the sound unit, while the second looks into the nature of manipulation of sound units. The second dimension also involves a child’

Atmosphere in Motion (Earth Science Class) Essay

Atmosphere in Motion (Earth Science Class) - Essay Example The advantage of using the aneroid barometer is that the readings are more accurate and that a week’s worth of data is recorded with each cylinder. 2- Explain how the pressure gradient force, Coriolis Effect, and friction affect wind Coriolis Effect: Wind moves to the right of the direction of the body motion for counterclockwise rotation of the frame of reference, or to the left for a clockwise rotation; this is called the Coriolis Effect. The pressure gradient force and the Coriolis Effect work together to channel the air flow. The pressure gradient force causes air to start moving across the isobars; as soon as the air starts to move, the Coriolis Effect acts at right angles to this motion. Friction is an additional factor that has a significant effect on the wind, changing both its velocity and its direction. Friction causes wind to decrease, thus decelerating the Coriolis Effect. This makes the wind corkscrew away from the high pressure centers and into the low pressure c enters in the Northern Hemisphere. It has the contrary effect in the Southern Hemisphere. 3- Discuss the movements of air and weather patterns associated with cyclones and anticyclones. A wind in a cyclone blows counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

U5 Case Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

U5 Case - Coursework Example A second utility is NPM (Orion Network Performance Monitor), a network management solution suitable for company networks. I would use NPM after Spiceworks to get an in-depth view of Badger Tools Inc.’s network problems and setbacks brought about by updating manually. NPM should provide me with a detailed list of hosted VMs within the network, as well as an outline of the server’s physical and virtual conditions (Rux, 2012). I can run NPM while offline and online to get a spatial idea of the full potential of the network. The first recommendation is connecting the servers and updating while online. An online update should provide new data and program components essential to the clients’ desktops, data, Windows Server 2008, and Windows Vista Enterprise. Secondly, Badger Tools Inc. should install Hotfix in Windows Vista Enterprise as a solution to GPU-oriented programs ran by the clients’ desktops. Lastly, the company can make all its servers ECN supportive. This means Badger Tools Inc. should enable the routers that experience high traffic to mark loads so that peers who get these loads can decrease their speeds of transmission (Rux,

Cross Culture Marketing strategy2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cross Culture Marketing strategy2 - Article Example They tend to take steps of the business context to make sure that relationships do not stop at just being business partners, but establishes allegiances as well. They believe that this method results to the establishment of harmonious relationships, with trust and loyalty, and eventually leads to a successful business relationship, where conflicts are resolved through mediation. For collectivists, â€Å"hasty litigation may be interpreted as uncompromising and self-oriented† (5), a big deviation from their sense of affective commitment, where business partners are treated as family. Entertainment, in the form of wining and dining is â€Å"a means of gauging the other party’s values, trustworthiness, and willingness to compromise† (2). This way, a possible business partner can be gauged or assessed according to his behavior not just as a possible business partner but a man and a future friend and â€Å"family† since â€Å"collectivists operate on solidarit y and share values† (4). Gift-giving on the other hand, is viewed by collectivists as a positive gesture. It is an expression of the â€Å"desire for partnership success† (James 5). Partnership success in a collectivist’s view means a lasting and enduring relationship with a sense of duty and obligation to each other (2). For a collectivist, â€Å"investments in time, energy and resources were acknowledged as pledges or signals to the buyer that the supplier was benevolent† (5). 2. In a collectivist culture, decisions are made collectively by senior members (James 2) and information sharing is of utmost importance. Being relationally oriented (1), with trust, commitment, cooperation, loyalty and obligation to his organization, it is not surprising that collectivist cultures rely more heavily on the use of social media. In high-context cultures, people prefer a less explicit form of communication (5). They prefer indirect

Business 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business 6 - Essay Example In this social orientation, people are more self-focused and tend to put their interest before those of a group. On the other hand, China practices collectivism. This is whereby the group’s interests come before individuals’ interests. Power orientation categorizes cultures into power respect and power tolerant societies. Power respect societies respect the chain of command and accept power based on position in an organization or in the society. Authority is not usually questioned. This orientation is common in China. Power tolerant societies question authority and do not necessarily buy what authority says as seen in the United States of America. The third category of Hostede’s classification is uncertainty orientation, which focuses on people’s feelings toward vague or uncertain situations. This categorizes cultures into uncertainty acceptance and uncertainty avoidance. The United States tends to lean more on uncertainty acceptance because her cultures are undisturbed by change. Chinese cultural set ups, on the other hand, tend to embrace uncertainty avoidance, which exhibits rigid systems based on rules (Ajami, Cool, Goddard, & Khambata, 2006). China and the United States are among the leading economies in the world. However, the socio-cultural aspects of the two economies greatly differ. Chinese cultures tend to avoid uncertainty, favor power distance and are usually adapted to long-term feminism and collectivism orientations (Smith, Dugan, & Trompenaars, 1996). On the other hand, Americans are more short-term-oriented and tend to favor individualism and masculinity. They are also not bothered by uncertainty and are more democratic (Fu & Yukl, 2000). In this regard, Americans and Chinese seem to differ in almost all aspects of their cultures. Culture has a major influence on business both at domestic and international levels. Cateora and Graham (1999) observed that

To Be A Working Mom Essay Example for Free

To Be A Working Mom Essay A baby changes the lives of parents, most especially, the mothers. A mother may intend to work or may decide to stay at home and take care of his children. For moms who stay at home, work appears to be less important than it used to, while working moms believe working would benefit the financial conditions of the family. This issue has become a controversy in most families all over the world, and mothers are are torn about whether to stay at home or work for the family. Mothers who are earning money from work could improve the financial condition of the family. A working mother can buy her children toys and nicer things or even enroll her children to a better school (Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home?, 4). Children may more likely become mature and independent and could also gain more respect and satisfaction to what he or does or achieves in school. Moreover, the mother’s daily interaction and mental stimulation positively affect her personal growth as a woman (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 4). Therefore, ambitions are fulfilled and make her become a better mother. However, working moms could miss an opportunity to witness special events in their child’s life. She will feel the hurt whenever she leaves her child crying, giving the mother much worries and anxiety (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 5). A mother who works and leaves her child with a family member or a household helper feels the sadness when that person becomes closer to her child and sees the happiness of her child’s firsts. Besides, a working mother might want to be with her child knowing she cannot, therefore, neglecting the emotional needs of the child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mothers who prefer to stay at home and take care of her children have more quality time spent and can always attend the needs of her child, such as being sick or doing difficult assignments. Babies who are well taken care of and have been watched over by their mothers are guided correctly and feel more secured. Children more disciplined and have good values and attitudes towards other people (Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home?, 3). According to some psychologists, babies who are separated from their mothers become troubled during his or her adolescence and have less chances of excelling in school (Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work, 2). A child could appreciate the sacrifices her mother has made when he or she grows up. In contrast, a stay-at-home mom would lead to reduced income of the family. The family may only afford a small house and could not afford to buy a car (Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home, 4). The mother will have less social interaction and intellectual stimulation is hindered. Every mother has a choice. Either work for the family’s financial stability or take care of the child at home. In my opinion, a mother who prefers to stay at home has a greater achievement than mothers who are successful in their profession. No award or career achievement could ever replace the joys of a mother who has disciplined, loving and emotionally secured children. A child who is nurtured and has enough attention and love by her mother succeeds emotionally and socially. The father could work for the family, or the mother could get a home-based job in order to cope with the family’s financial needs. The sacrifices of every mother who chooses to stay at home and surrender her aspirations as a career woman is a lot more fruitful than working mothers. Whether a mother prefers to work or stay at home, she must always give importance to the needs of her child. A child’s values and success reflects the priorities and thinking of a mother. Works Cited: â€Å"Should You Go Back to Work or Stay at Home?† Smart Momma. 2005. 20 July 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.smartmomma.com/work_career/go_to_work_or_stay_home.htm â€Å"Stay-at Home Mothers vs. Mothers who return to Work.† Developmental Psychology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Student Netletter. 2002. 20 July 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d46/psy/dev/Spring02/infancy/homevswork.html

PEST Country Analysis: Cuba

PEST Country Analysis: Cuba ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I thank my teacher who has assigned this term paper to bring out my creative capabilities. I express my gratitude to my parents for being continuous source of encouragement and for all their financial aids given to me. I would like to acknowledge the assistance provided to me by the library staff of Lovely Professional University. At last my heartfelt gratitude to my friends for helping me to complete my work in time. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Country Origin Cuba is one of the largest islands in the Caribbean which was once inhabited by tribal people when Christopher Columbus visited the island during his first voyage. He discovered it and declared it as a territory of Spain 1762 this country was briefly held by Britain before being returned in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions occurred during the 19th century which failed to end Spanish rule, but increased tensions between Spain and the United States, resulted in the Spanish-American War, finally led to Spanish withdrawal, and in 1902, Cuba gained formal independence. American trade dominated Cuba during the first half of the 20th century. It was helped by US government policy measures assuring influence over the island. In 1959, Dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown in a revolution led by Fidel Castro. Cuba-United States relations froze while the island showed its faith towards the Soviet Union, which kept its economy running in spite of being US against Cuba. After the dissolution of the east-west-confrontation Cuba remains as one of the only Communist countries in the world. Past business Cuban business has mainly revolved around United States Soviet Union. Before 1958 everything was allright between US and Cuba and trade was carrying smoothly between them.In March 1958, when an armed conflict broke out in Cuba between rebels and the Fulgencio Batista government an arms embargo has been in effect. In July 1960, in response to Cubas new revolutionary governments seizure of US properties, the United States reduced the Cuban import quota of brown sugar by 7,000,000 tons, under the Sugar Act of 1948; the Soviet Union responded by agreeing to purchase the sugar instead, as Cubas new government continued to take further actions to confiscate American businesses and privately owned property. In 1963, the 1963 U.S. embargo was reinforced in October 1992 by the Cuban Democracy Act (the Torricelli Law) and in 1996 by the Cuban Liberty and Democracy Solidarity Act (known as the Helms-Burton Act) which penalized foreign companies that did business in Cuba by preventing them from doing business in the US. The justification provided for these restrictions were that these companies were trafficking in stolen U.S. properties, and should, thus, be excluded from the United States. The European Union resented the Helms Burton Act because it felt that the US was dictating how other nations ought to conduct their trade and challenged it on that basis. The EU eventually dropped its challenge in favor of negotiating a solution. PEST Analysis (P)olitical factors Cuba is a communist state. The departments of the state and the Cuban Communist Party are closely connected and their power is mainly devolved from the Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers. Their National Assembly which has legislative e powers consists of 614 members. Their next elections for the provinces and nation are due in January 2012, the municipal elections in April 2010, even though there is only one legal party which is namely the Cuban Communist Party (PCC). The head of state and government of Cuba is Raà ºl Castro Ruz. (E)conomic factors The consumer prices, or inflation rate, rose by 3,4 % in 2008 which is, compared to other countries, an average figure, because they are number 47 on the world list. The Cuban labor force counts 4.962 million people of which 78% work in the state sector and 22% in the non-state sector. This figure scores them number 74 in comparison to the labor forces around the world. The unemployment rate is low compared to other countries as they only have 1,6 % jobless people and rank place 13 in the world. This rate even improved by 0,2 % from 2007 to 2008. The buying power, GDP per capita, of each Cuban was $9,500 in the year 2008. Compared to other countries they rank place 108 in the worlds list, but seeing that the values improved over the years from 2006 until 2008 by $1,000 per capita, their score is still positive. Cuba produces several agricultural products such as sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice,potatoes, beans and livestock. Main export goods are nickel, fish, citrus, coffee, tobacco products, sugar and its by-products and medicines. A 2008 estimate for their export of goods is $3.78 billion which makes them number 119 on the list of countries by exports. Their main export partners are China, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands and Iran. Goods that have to be imported are petroleum, food, machinery and equipment and chemicals. Their main import partners are Venezuela, China, Spain, Canada and the USA. (S)ociological factors Cuba has a population of estimated 11,451,652 people. The population grows by 0.233 % each year. 18,3 % of these people are between 0 and 14 years, 70,4 % are between 15 and 64 years old and 11,2 % are 65 years or older. Therefore the average age is 37,3 years. 65,1 % are white, 24,8 % are mulatto and mestizo and 10,1 % are black (2002 census). The most dominant religions are Roman Catholics and Protestants. Nearly the whole population is able to read and write (99,8 %) at the age of 15 which enables them to pursue a good education. The majority (76 %) of the population preferably lives in urban areas. (T)echnological factors Cuba is a recognized leading country in the field of biotechnology, but there are still sectors that lack development. Internet access is for example only provided by one provider at high costs which shows an inadequate telecommunications infrastructure. The information technology system in Cuba still has to be improved, because the profitable sectors such as tourism and biotechnology require good and continuously updated communication structures and instruments which are not sufficient at the moment. Castro sees that modern communication and computer networks are necessary for the economy and is willing to open new doors in order to make this possible. (Information technology in Cuba, 2009) Cuba World Economy In 2005 Cuba had exports of $2.4 billion, ranking 114 of 226 world countries, and imports of $6.9 billion, ranking 87 of 226 countries. Its major export partners are China 27.5%, Canada 26.9%, Netherlands 11.1%, Spain 4.7% (2007). Cubas major exports are sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, and coffee; imports include food, fuel, clothing, and machinery. Cuba presently holds debt in an amount estimated to be $13 billion, approximately 38% of GDP. According to the Heritage Foundation, Cuba is dependent on credit accounts that rotate from country to country. Cuba holds 6.4% of the global market for nickel which constitutes about 25% of total Cuban exports. Recently, large reserves of oil have been found in the North Cuba Basin. BUSINESS CULTURE OF CUBA DRESS Dressing is quite informal in for both men and women, For men: Depending on the situation, a guayabera shirt with nice slacks may be as formal as it gets. Business casual for a warm climate should suffice. For women: A pair of pants and nice shirt should do. Skirts are fine as well. Jeans and business casual attire are generally acceptable. TITLES AND BUSINESS CARDS Titles are very important and it is best to address people directly by using their professional title (or Mr., Mrs., or Miss) followed by the surname. It is advisable, although not required, to have one side of your business card translated into Spanish. Present your business card with the Spanish side facing the recipient. There is no specific ritual surrounding the giving of business cards. MEETINGS Arriving on time for a meeting is important even though you may have to wait 30 minutes or more. There is usually 5-15 minutes of small talk before getting down to business. It is best to allow your host to begin the business discussion. It is considered acceptable to interrupt someone who is speaking. NEGOTIATIONS Cubans value relationship building and harmony so it is important to avoid hard selling, pressure tactics and any sort of conflict or confrontation. Decisions are made from the top down and can take sometime. GIFT GIVING Gifts are not brought to a first meeting. When giving gifts it is best to bring something very modest as anything else could be misconstrued. COMMUNICATION STYLE Cubans tend to be direct and some what louder than what the norm is in North America. GESTURES Cubans tend to speak very quickly and loudly. They use their hands and bodies for emphasis when speaking and tend to be emotionally expressive. Cubans will point by puckering their lips in the direction or person they are referring to. Wrinkling or scrunching up of your nose usually means, huh or what? Geert Hofstedes Model After seeing some of the business culture and countrys culture we can draw some conclusions based on the five dimensions of the above mentioned model. POWER DISTANCE As Cuba is a Communist country, it is expected to have higher power distance than other capitalist countries. Geert Hofstede has not conducted his survey in Cuba so there arent any scores regarding it. INDIVIDUALISM Vs. COLLECTIVISM In Private sector individualism is practiced to achieve results with greater efficiency. While the majority of Cuba which is communist in nature has a greater faith in collectivism. LONG TERM ORIENTATION On observing the past and future business culture of Cuba, we can easily comprehend that in past it was more of short term oriented. Now while the country is growing , it has become more of a long term oriented country. HALLS MODEL High Context Cubans seem to pretty much fall in this category. I would like to state that because they behave in the following mentioned way :- Less verbally explicit communication, less written/formal information More internalized understandings of what is communicated Multiple cross-cutting ties and intersections with others Long term relationships Strong boundaries- who is accepted as belonging vs who is considered an outsider Knowledge is situational, relational. Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a central person who has authority. HRM PRACTISES IN CUBA Human resource management (HRM) practices in Cuba are still incipient and close to what may be called the traditional Soviet-style model. In other words, HRM in Cuba mainly comprises a set of practices that emphasise cost control and administrative concerns, resource allocation being controlled by the administrative hierarchy and not by the market characteristics. Additionally, human resource management is an undervalued function compared to other areas. Those who are not good enough for anything else, go to the HR function, as one manager noticed. Within the last few years, and in the context of perfeccionamiento empresarial, new concerns with the quality of human resource management have arisen. The new goals, in industries that aim to achieve a competitive position in the international arena, include the development of staff competencies. Capacitacion (qualification) became HRMs recent major buzzword in the country. Qualification is the major human resource management challenge for Cuban companies, and is viewed as a necessary means for achieving a series of new business goals, including quality, customer service and independence in the execution of work, all of which are new descriptors in the national business vocabulary. The new market-oriented logic, which is emerging particularly in the globally exposed tourism sector, is far from being the normal. That is possibly one of the reasons why so many people try to work in tourism, the other being easier access to foreign currency. This has led to what is called the inverted pyramid: a hotel waiter can earn more money (in tips) than the best university educated specialist or work hero. Macro-level administration of human resources is thus being challenged by micro motives and is forcing companies to develop and implement incentive systems that stimulate individual motivation, while trying to respect the ideological orientation towards a more altruistic and disinterested motivated behaviour, such as the one mentioned above. In fact, as a traditional rule of the Cuban enterprise, incentivos (incentives) are non-material. They are called spiritual incentives, and may include a letter, a diploma, an appreciation from the company or, at a more material level, a dinner including lobster. Managers attitudes towards the effectiveness of material rewards are highly ambivalent. On the one hand, they deny the importance of material incentives. On the other hand, they enthusiastically refer to the possibility of obtaining material rewards in the more progressive firms. BUSINESS GROUPS OF CUBA SHERRITT INTERNATIONAL Sherritt International is one of the biggest business giants of Cuba that operates in Cuba Canada. Sherritt International Corporation is a diversified natural resource company that produces nickel, cobalt, thermal coal, oil and gas, and electricity. It also licenses its proprietary technologies to other metals companies. Sherritts 293.1 million common shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol S. The company also produces oil from assets in Cuba, Spain and Pakistan, and manages 376 megawatts of power generation capacity in Cuba. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTISES The most important HRM practices practiced in Sherritt are HR planning (i.e. to forecast and foresee the future business and employee needs and plan for them) Recruitment and selection job descriptions, selection tools, background checks, offers Compensation (i.e. methods, consistency, market) Employee relations (i.e. labor agreements, performance management, disciplinary procedures, employee recognition) Mandated benefits (i.e. social security, unemployment insurance, workers compensation, COBRA/HIPPA) Optional group benefits (i.e. insurance, time off benefits, flexible benefits, retirement plans, employee assistance programs, perks) Payroll (i.e. internal vs. external options, compliance) Recordkeeping (i.e. HRIS, personnel files, confidential records, I-9, other forms) Training and development (i.e. new employee orientation, staff development, technical and safety, leadership, tuition reimbursement, career planning) Employee communications (i.e. handbook, newsletter, recognition programs, announcements, electronic communication) RECRUITMENT SELECTION The process of hiring begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are submitted. The result is a pool of applications from which new employees are selected. Compensation Compensation is the remuneration provided to an employee in return for his/her contribution to the organization. It is an organized practice that involves balancing the work-employee relation by providing monetary and non-monetary benefits to employees. Training Training is also provided for increasing the knowledge and skills of people for a specific purpose. It helps the trainees acquire new skills, technical knowledge, and problem-solving ability etc. It also gives an awareness of the rules and procedures to guide their behavior thereby improving the performance of employee on present job and prepares them for taking up new assignments in future. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is a method of evaluating the behavior of employees in the work spot including both quantitative and qualitative aspects of job performance. A process in which employees strengths and weaknesses are identified to improve the performance on the present and future jobs. Performance appraisal is a systematic review of individual or a groups performance on the job. Pay Roll Section: After employee placement/joining the recruitment section handovers the details of the employees enclosed in a file to the payroll department. Pay Roll process starts from 25th of every month. First part is attendance, which will be coming from last 26th to 25th of the month. Salary is paid for 1st to 31st but attendance is calculated from 25th to 26th of the month. The Pay Roll department then looks after the following aspect of the employees. HSEQ HEALTH, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY (HSEQ) Every job involves certain risks. In order to provide a safer and healthy atmosphere at work place HSEQ is strengthened at all levels in the company. There is a possibility of occurrence of risk either from external and internal sources. External sources hear referred to infrastructure and internal sources referred to Behavior of employees. HSEQ is involved in regulation and controlling the risks involved in jobs. Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_america http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Countries/Latin-America/Cuba.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/geos/cu.html http://www.cuba.com/index.php?catid=280cuba_info_record=Useful%20information%20of%20 http://www.indexmundi.com/cuba/demographics_profile.html http://www1.american.edu/carmel/ms4917a/cuba.htm http://www.phpclasses.org/browse/country/cu/