The History of the Roy Adaptation Model Essay -- Nursing Roy Adaptatio

The History of the Roy Adaptation ModelThe Roy Adaptation Model for Nursing had its beginning with Sister Callista Roy entered the masters program in pediatric nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles in 1964. Dorothy E. Johnson, Roys advisor and seminar faculty, was speaking at the time on the need to define the cultivation of nursing as a way of focusing the development of knowledge for practice. During Roys first seminar in pediatric nursing, she proposed that the goal of nursing was promoting patient adaptation. Johnson promote her to develop her concept of adaptation as a framework for nursing, throughout the course of her masters program. Von Vertalanffys use of governances theory was a fall upon component in the early concept of the model, as was the work of Helson. Helson defined adaptation as the growth of responding positively to environmental changes, and then went on to cover three types of stimuli, those being focal, contextual, and residual. Roy made derivations of these concepts for use in describing situations of people in both health and illness. Roys view of the person as an adaptive system took shape from this early work, with the congnator and regulator being added as the major internal processes of the adapting person.After 17 years of work with the faculty at Mount St. bloody shames college in Los Angeles, the model became the framework for a nursing-based integrated curriculum, in March 1970, the same month that the first article on the model was promulgated in Nursing Outlook. The four adaptive models were added as the ways in which adaptation is manifested and thus as the basis for nursing assessment.Through curriculum reference and throughout the USA and eventually worldwide, Roy received input on the use of the model in education and practice. It is estimated that by 1987 at least 100,000 nurses had been educated in programs built around the Roy Adaptation Model. As the discipline of nursing grew in articulating it s scientific and philosophical assumptions, Roy also articulated her assumptions. Roys first descriptions include systems theory and adaptation-level theory, as well as humanist values. As time progressed, Roy developed the philosophical assumptions of veritivity as a way of addressing the limitations she saw in the relativistic philosophical basis of other conceptual approaches to nursing and a limit... ... night within 1 week of HS Prozac cessation. Another goal could be The knob will report less anxiety within 2 weeks as evidenced by a reduction in her use of PRN Xanex. Interventions would be carried out as applicable to the client and would be specific to the nursing goals. They are directed at promotion of adaptation. The final stage of the nursing process is evaluation. Evaluation includes the observation of change in the clients behavior. One would determine if her goals are met or not met. One would ask the client rough changes in her sleep pattern. One would evaluate any changes in behavior related to anxiety. If the behavior is not adaptive, then more assessment is needed and the interventions would be adjusted. In this manner, Roys model would be applied to most any clinical situation.ReferencesRoy, C. (1998) The Roy Adaptation Model 2nd Edition. New York Prentice HallAndrews, cusk A. (1986) The essentials of the Roy Adaptation Model. Connecticut Appleton-Century-Croft.Roy, C. Akinsanya J. Crouch C. Fletcher L. Cox G. Price B. (1982) The Roy AdaptationModel in Action (Nursing Models in Action S.) New York Palgrave Macmillan

Salvador Dali :: essays research papers fc

(1904-1989)Salvador Dali was born into a middle-class family on May 11th, 1904 in Figures Spain. In 1921 he entered the San Fernando honorary society of Fine Arts in capital of Spain where he made friends with Federico Garcia Lorca, Luis Bunuel, and Eugenio Montes. He pursued his personal intersest in Cubism and Futurism. In June of 1923 Dali was suspended from the Academy for having indicated the students to rebel against the authorities of the school. He was let back in October of 1925, and a year later Dali was permanently expelled. In 1924 he was impris aned in Figures and Gerona for governmental reasons. Dali joined the Surrealists in 1929 due to the influence of metaphysical moving pictures, and his wholesaler with Miro.Dali developed his method over the next few years. He describes his method as paranoic- slender, a spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on critical and systematic objectivation of delirious associations and interpretations. Works he produced at t his time include The Lugubrious plunk for 1929, The Persistence of Memory 1931, and Surrealist Objects, Gauges of Instantaneous Memory 1932.Salvador Dali was the top Surrealists of this time. Surrealism explored the subconscious, the stargaze world, and irrational elements of the psyche in the belief that the discoveries to be made from such exploration would be of more fundamental importance to the human condition than any other form of social analysis. Salvador Dali was very fascinated by the fleeting state of the mastermind between sleep and consciousness, dream and reality, sanity and insanity, as one in which the mind functioned purely, free from the constraints of logic and social behavior. He read psychological encase histories, hoping to represent neuroses in an ultra-realistic style, objectifying the irrational with photographic accuracy.In 1936, Dali began painting in a classical manner again, switching between Italian, Spanish and pompier styles.Dali was very politic ally involved, and had some extreme opinions. He was fascinated with Hitler, and his relations with the tarry of the Surrealist group became strained after 1934, breaking away in 1939 when he declared his back for Franco. He moved to the USA, living there from 1939-1948.Dali held many one-person(prenominal) shows during his career. He directed and was a part of many films including the first surrealist film "Un Chiea A Dalou A Andalusian Dog", with the director Luis Bunuel. In 1945 he intentional the surrealistic dream sequence for Hitchcocks Spellbound, and filmed Don Juan Tenorio, in 1951.Salvador Dali essays research papers fc (1904-1989)Salvador Dali was born into a middle-class family on May 11th, 1904 in Figures Spain. In 1921 he entered the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid where he made friends with Federico Garcia Lorca, Luis Bunuel, and Eugenio Montes. He pursued his personal intersest in Cubism and Futurism. In June of 1923 Dali was suspended fro m the Academy for having indicated the students to rebel against the authorities of the school. He was let back in October of 1925, and a year later Dali was permanently expelled. In 1924 he was imprisoned in Figures and Gerona for political reasons. Dali joined the Surrealists in 1929 due to the influence of metaphysical paintings, and his contact with Miro.Dali developed his method over the next few years. He describes his method as paranoic-critical, a spontaneous method of irrational knowledge based on critical and systematic objectivation of delirious associations and interpretations. Works he produced at this time include The Lugubrious Game 1929, The Persistence of Memory 1931, and Surrealist Objects, Gauges of Instantaneous Memory 1932.Salvador Dali was the top Surrealists of this time. Surrealism explored the subconscious, the dream world, and irrational elements of the psyche in the belief that the discoveries to be made from such exploration would be of more fundamental i mportance to the human condition than any other form of social analysis. Salvador Dali was very fascinated by the fleeting state of the mind between sleep and consciousness, dream and reality, sanity and insanity, as one in which the mind functioned purely, free from the constraints of logic and social behavior. He read psychological case histories, hoping to represent neuroses in an ultra-realistic style, objectifying the irrational with photographic accuracy.In 1936, Dali began painting in a classical manner again, switching between Italian, Spanish and pompier styles.Dali was very politically involved, and had some extreme opinions. He was fascinated with Hitler, and his relations with the rest of the Surrealist group became strained after 1934, breaking away in 1939 when he declared his support for Franco. He moved to the USA, living there from 1939-1948.Dali held many one-man shows during his career. He directed and was a part of many films including the first surrealist film & quotUn Chiea A Dalou A Andalusian Dog", with the director Luis Bunuel. In 1945 he designed the surrealistic dream sequence for Hitchcocks Spellbound, and filmed Don Juan Tenorio, in 1951.

The Adventures of Huck Fin :: Essays Papers

Mark mates The Adventures of Huck FinSamuel Clemens, better known as Mark Twain is a famous author. He is one of the closely widely respected and loved American writers. He wrote over 30 works, including satires, short stories, historical fictionalisation and non-fiction novels as well as five Travelogues. One of the novels that he wrote was The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. That is the novel I read. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born in Florida, Missouri on November 30, 1835. He was the sixth sister of John and Jane Clemens. Just a few years later, in 1839, the Clemens family moved to a nearby town, Hannibal, where he spent his childhood years. During his those years, he had a unattackable bond with the Mississippi River. His childhood dream was to become a steamboat man on the river. The town in which he lived steamboats docked 3 times a day. Clemens was fascinated with them. By the age of 16, Clemens was working for his brother Orions Hannibal Western Union. He published sketches and worked as a printer, sometimes taking on editor program in his brothers absence. By age 21 he was seeking a bunk on a ship going to southerly America. There he met Horace Bixby, a steamboat pilot. He persuaded Horace to take him on as an apprentice and after two years on the Mississippi, Clemens had his pilots license. With the fall out of the Civil War in April 1861, river traffic on the Mississippi was suspended. Clemens steamboat pilot career came to an end. He had been occasionally sending letters to the Virginia City Territorial initiative, the territorys most well known newspaper, and by September 1862, he had been accepted to be a reporter for the paper. After a short 17 months, Clemens left the Enterprise and went to San Francisco. He traveled extensively for the next few years and at age 33 he secretly was engaged to Olivia Langdon, better known as Livy. In 1870 his life took a dramatic change towards stability. He married Livy and settled down in Buffalo, N.Y. They had a few traumatic years and in the long run moved to Connecticut. They had 3 daughters, Susy, Clara and Jean. He also published The Gilded Age, with Charles Dudley Warner, his first fictional book.

How Does William Blake convey his anger in the poem London ? Essay

How Does William Blake convey his anger in the poem capital of the United Kingdom ? The poem London by William Blake, relfects his feelings upon thesociety that he was living in , and how despreratly it mandatory help.Blake thought that all of the poverty and misfortune that washappening on the streets were caused by the political opression inLondon. Blake was angered by what he saw in his homeland as othercountries started fighting for their indipendence and equality whilsthis coun endeavor stayed dormant, eventhough he felt that there was aserious need for serious action.Eventhough Blake wasnt a typical sentimentalist writer, he too possesed thesame beliefs of fighting for what one believes in, and the urge to beliberated from the opression of society. So, by being a writer of theromantic period, watching a controlled and restricted society notshowing an intent to break free and fight against the monarchy,angered him and inspired him to convey his ideas and feelings throuhthe po em London.In the poem, Blake travels through London and descibes what he sees.And as a result, he sees a severly opressed society that is caused bythe authority, such as royalty and the church. This is as Blake seesthat even the streets and the thames are chartered and governedby the authorities. This is furthur exclamatory by his repitition ofthe word chartered which then gives the reader an image of the lackof freedom that the people in London posses as the streets is ametahor for the general public eyepatch the thames represents theirfreedom, this is as rivers are normally associated with free willwhile the streets are gernerally associated with the lower class insociety. So, by describing the streets and the thames ... ...y that themonarcy creates.I feel that the poem London efficaciously convyed William Blakes angertowards the society and his feelings about it. This is as Blake isawear of everything that goes on in the society, and the poem clearlyexpresses his repulsivenes s towards the political opression imposed bythe monarchy. However, Blake does not soley balme the monarcy, but alike the people of his country. This is because he saw all the othercountries that previously suffered the opression of a monarcy, fightfor their rights and equailty. Eventhough the monarcy did impose rulesupon society, Blake strongly believed that people could overthrow theauthorities if they were to truly try and do so. Hence, a part ofBlakes anger was conveyed by descibing the self-imprisonment of thepeople, and how they could break free anytime, but still chose not todo so.

Allen Sapp :: essays research papers fc

Allen Sapp is a famous Indian artist. He was born in 1928 on the Red Pheasant agree near Battleford, Saskatchewan. He was raised and cared for by his grandmother, Maggie Soonias because his mother died of tuberculosis. He was a sickly child who was often picked on by other children. He took bulky pleasure in painting and drawing, beginning at age eight.&9Sapp married and in 1960 his son David was born in a tuberculosis sanitorium where his married woman was sick. In 1961 she got out and they moved to Battleford. Allen tried to live off his art and tried to paint waht he thought the white man would like, often calendar art of places and animals hed never actually seen. He dressed as he thought the white man would accept, and he knew little English.&9One morning in 1966 Sapp walking into the North Battleford Medical Clinic to sell his paintings. Here he met Dr. Allan Gonor, who liked his work. On his second visit Dr. Gonor saw a painting of Cheif Sam Swimmer and liked it. He bought it and asked for more. Allen began painting what he knew from the reserve. He turned out many paintings at a tremendous rate. Dr. Gonor set for him to see an art professor from the U of S. The little instruction he got form her was the only formal instruction he has ever had. In kinfolk 1968 she showed some of Allens paintings in her backyard. The show was a great success. On the Easter weekend of 1969 Allen had his first major exhibition. The people loved him. He became a great success. The value of his paintings went way up in the next little while as his popularity streadily increased and he did shows all over Canada and in the US and England. He once again became proud of his Indian heritage and began to dress the part. By 1974 he even had a book written about him.&9In 1977 Sapps son, David, died.&9In 1985 Dr. Gonor died while visiting Thailand&9&9In December 1985 Sapp was elected to the Royal Canadian Acadamy of Arts (R.C.A.A.). He also became one of the first eight receipant s of the Saskatchewan Award of Merit. In 1986 he was recognized as one of the Senior Native Artists in Canada. In January 1987 the governor General of Canada appointed Sapp as an Officer to the Order of Canada.

Allen Sapp :: essays research papers fc

Allen Sapp is a famous Indian artist. He was born in 1928 on the Red Pheasant backwardness near Battleford, Saskatchewan. He was raised and cared for by his grandmother, Maggie Soonias because his mother died of tuberculosis. He was a sickly child who was often picked on by other children. He took spacious pleasure in painting and drawing, beginning at age eight.&9Sapp married and in 1960 his son David was born in a tuberculosis sanitorium where his married woman was sick. In 1961 she got out and they moved to Battleford. Allen tried to live off his art and tried to paint waht he thought the white man would like, often calendar art of places and animals hed never actually seen. He dressed as he thought the white man would accept, and he knew little English.&9One morning in 1966 Sapp walking into the North Battleford Medical Clinic to sell his paintings. Here he met Dr. Allan Gonor, who liked his work. On his second visit Dr. Gonor saw a painting of Cheif Sam Swimmer and liked it. He bought it and asked for more. Allen began painting what he knew from the reserve. He turned out many paintings at a tremendous rate. Dr. Gonor place for him to see an art professor from the U of S. The little instruction he got form her was the only formal instruction he has ever had. In kinfolk 1968 she showed some of Allens paintings in her backyard. The show was a great success. On the Easter weekend of 1969 Allen had his first major exhibition. The people loved him. He became a great success. The value of his paintings went way up in the next little while as his popularity streadily increased and he did shows all over Canada and in the US and England. He once again became proud of his Indian heritage and began to dress the part. By 1974 he even had a book written about him.&9In 1977 Sapps son, David, died.&9In 1985 Dr. Gonor died while visiting Thailand&9&9In December 1985 Sapp was elected to the Royal Canadian Acadamy of Arts (R.C.A.A.). He also became one of the first eig ht receipants of the Saskatchewan Award of Merit. In 1986 he was recognized as one of the Senior Native Artists in Canada. In January 1987 the regulator General of Canada appointed Sapp as an Officer to the Order of Canada.

Advantages of Medical Isolation and Quarantine Essay

Advantages of checkup Isolation and QuarantineIntroduction According to more wellness experts, medical exam closing off and isolate does very little in curbing the spread of catching diseases (Kliff). Although isolation and quarantine tend to have whatever similarities, they ar very different. According to studies, whereas isolation involves the seclusion of people infected with contagious diseases, quarantine is the seclusion of people who are non sick get ahead have been exposed to a contagious disease (Diffen). Although isolation and quarantine are different, they have one main objective, which is to prevent further diffusion of contagious diseases in a society. Isolation and quarantine comes alongside a number of advantages. For instance, in addition to minimizing the spread of contagious diseases, placing people under medical isolation and quarantine also assists in neutralizing deadly diseases such as Ebola. By providing a detailed analysis of both isolation and qua rantine, the study intends to provide an tilt on their advantages.Neutralizing Contagious Diseases Placing people under medical isolation or quarantine is quite beneficial to any society. This is because through medical isolation and quarantine, a nation is able to neutralize any contagious disease, hence, preventing it from becoming spreading any further. When sick people have been placed under medical isolation, chances of further spreading of the disease are minimized compared to if they were treated in globe places. In order to make the isolation process successful, it is vital that these patients be confidential from the public. According to Stambaugh (5), the quarantine process is ordinarily conducted in five phases. For instance, after the decision to quarantine has been reached, the next phase is to locate a quarantine electron orbit and ensuring that the quarantine process is maintained. Locating a quarantine area normally depends on the number of people that require q uarantine. After successfully maintaining the quarantine, the next phases are demobilization and recovery (Stambaugh 5). unconnected from hospitals, isolation can also be done in special healthcare facilities or in the patients homes. The case is however different for quarantine, this is because, unlike in isolation, people exposed to contagious diseases are placed in quarantines, which can either be set(p) in designated emergency facilities as well as specialized hospitals. This is normally in a move to prevent these people from making any contacts with the public until the incubation period of the diseases elapses.Proper Medical Attention Placing people under medical isolation and quarantine also enables medical practitioners to offer appropriate medical attention to patients. The recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa is one example of how medical isolation and quarantine can minimize further spreading of the disease. If it were not for medical isolation and quarantine processes, the disease would have spread throughout Africa as well as other continents. According to Resnikoff, all the people who time-tested positive for the Ebola virus were placed under isolation, which was in a move to offer them proper medical attention in addition to minimizing further spreading of the disease.The large number of deaths reported due to the Ebola outbreak prompted many nations to set up quarantine facilities in order to attend to all citizens coming from the Ebola in love nations. Citizens coming from Ebola stricken nations were normally placed in quarantine for a period of cardinal days, which is usually the incubation period of the Ebola virus. It was only after the twenty-one days that citizens were allowed to see their families, that is if they had tested negative for the Ebola virus. If they tested positive for the virus, they were then moved from quarantine to isolation where they were to were to under special treatment and monitoring.Minimizing of Medical Expen ses Apart from neutralizing the disease as well as offering proper medical attention, another advantage of medical isolation and quarantine is that it minimizes excessive medical expenditures (NCSL). When on that point is an outbreak of a contagious disease, many people are likely to be infected. This implies that a nation is likely to spend a lot of bills on purchasing medication drugs as well as hiring international medical practitioners to aid in controlling the disease. In order to avoid these expenses, it is normally essential that nations embrace the medical isolation as well as quarantine programs in a move to minimize their expenses. According to my opinion, the main undercoat why West Africa was greatly affected by the Ebola outbreak was because they were not quick in establishing isolation and quarantine centers, hence, allowing the disease to spread rapidly.Conclusion Medical isolation is the process where sick people are secluded from the public in a move to prevent f urther spreading of a disease. Although quarantine is similar to isolation, people secluded through quarantine are not sick but were exposed to a contagious disease. Medical isolation and quarantine have a number of advantages to a society. For instance, through isolation and quarantine, a nation is in a position to curb the spreading of a contagious disease. Apart from curbing the spread of diseases, when people are placed under medical isolation and quarantine, this enables medical practitioners to offer proper medication since it will be easy to monitor any changes once they occur. Additionally, medical isolation and quarantine also reduce medical expenses of a nation. This is because once a disease has been change in the isolation and quarantine centers, a nation will only spend little amount of money to treat the infected.ReferencesDiffen.Isolationvs.Quarantine.2014.Web2015. Kliff, Sarah. 3 reasons public health experts think Ebola quarantines are aterribleidea. VOX. 2014. Web . 2015. http//www.vox.com/2014/10/28/7079147/three-reasons-public-health-experts-think-ebola-quarantines-are-aNCSL. State Quarantine and Isolation Statutes. 2014. Web. 2015. http//www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-quarantine-and-isolation-statutes.aspxResnikoff, Ned. Ebola quarantine policy sparks controversy in medical community. MSNBC. 2014. Web. 2015. http//www.msnbc.com/msnbc/doctors-question-ebola-quarantine-policyStambaugh, Hollis. Quarantine Facilities for Arriving Air Travelers Identification of Planning Needs and Costs. 2008. Print.Source document

“Hot” Spots in the Cold War Essay

The period of the Cold War has turned into the dramatic stage of fight between the two worlds largest powers the joined States and the U. S. S. R. The Cold War remains a remark subject moment for the U. S. , when the majority of the American people could check their strength and endurance. It did not matter whether the U. S. was promoting the politics of Soviet Containment, or was involved into Cuban Missile Crisis, whether the U. S. was flooded with McCarthyism ideas, or was building Levittown to restore the American dream all those actions were later included into the set of events chthonian the general title The Cold War.Containment of the Soviet articulation became American policy in the postwar years (Stanley 11). It is interesting to note, that while the U. S. was fighting against fascism and took the Soviet Union as its ally, all anti-communism ambitions were neutralized or simply muted. The Cold War has started immediately after the end of the WWII and raised numerous iss ues in the political transaction between the two super-states. The idea of political containment belonged to George Kennan in his article published in 1946, he discussed and evaluated the sense of insecurity the U.S. S. R. traditionally experienced (Stanley 8). As a result, the discussed insecurity sense made it possible for Kennan to suggest that Moscows pressure to expand its power had to be stopped through firm and lynx-eyed containment of Russian expansive tendencies (Stanley 18). On the one hand, the policy of Soviet Containment supported by Truman was the means to protect the U. S. territory from external military threats. On the otherwise hand, Truman has evidently overstated the threat coming from the Soviet Union.As a result, the policy of containment has generated mass anti-communism which sometimes bordered with hysteria. Consequentially, the unify States containment policies gave rise to the well-known McCarthyism and were also displayed in the U. S. involvement int o the Cuban Missile Crisis. McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in the period that lasted roughly from the late forties to the late 1950s (Stanley 24).This term has for long been connected with the name of Senator Joseph McCarthy, but it has currently expanded its meaning to more general definition of anti-communist policies in the U. S. Joseph McCarthy has in reality been the initiator of the discussed policy which later turned into the whole cultural phenomenon. In his speech on February 9, 1950, he announced that he had a list of 205 a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party (Stanley 25).McCarthys speech and ideas were later reflected in the blind of loyalty-security reviews, blacklists, and even arrests. As a result of mass anti-communist campaigns, twelve thousand people lost their jobs without any hope to find new employment disconfirming loyalty reviews mad e it impossible for a person to become employed (Zinn 411). In reality, such policies could eventually turn into a hot war and take a leak involved the United States into the actions which made the threat of the nuclear war as close as never before.The realization came with the events which were later called The Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the critical hotspots in the history of the Cold War. Its origins were rooted in both Containment and McCarthyism policies, and supported the line of opposition towards the Soviet power. In 1962 the Soviet Union was searching the means of strengthening its position on the international political arena. The Soviets could achieve that aim only by strengthening their military capableness (Stanley 32).As Khrushev wanted to place the Soviet missiles in Cuba, Fidel Castro was looking for the ways of protecting his country from the U. S. intervention. However, Kennedy was aware of the Soviet and Cuban plans On October 22, Kennedy announced the husking of the missile installations to the public and his decision to quarantine the island. He also proclaimed that any nuclear missile launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the United States by the Soviet Union (Stanley 33).In order to eliminate the threat of military conflicts between the U. S. and Cuba, the Soviet Union had to refuse from the idea to locate their missiles on the Cuban territory. As the country found itself in the whirl of political and military conflicts, the common people had to restore the country after the WWII, and had to prove to themselves that they were able to survive the difficulties of the Cold War. Levittown has become the brightest display of how people were trying to improve their living even under the pressure of McCarthyism and Containment.In 1950s, William Levitt actually created the prototype of a middle-class American suburb small, convenient and cozy houses for medium families have attracted attention of numerous architects and economists. By the time the town was completed, it included buildings, swimming-pools, schools, churches, 17,000 single-family houses, and occupied 5500 land of Bucks County in Pennsylvania (Zinn 407). However, the historical meaning of Levittown was not in the way it was constructed, but in the time period during which it was created.Levittown has given the rise to creating affordable house and has served the pattern of non-compliance with the principles of the Cold War. In his town, Levitt was able to present a new form of ideal American lifespan, one that combined the idealized middle-class life of the prewar suburban communities, with the democratized life of younger GIs and their families (Zinn 409).Works CitedStanley, George Edward. America and the Cold War (1949-1969). A Primary Source of History of the United States. World farmers calendar Books, 2005. Zinn, H. Peoples History of the United States 1492 to Present. Harper Perennial modern Classics, 2005.

Barack Obama and the White Race

If the premise that the fair race is a dominant race is an accepted one, then there must be some explanation for Barack Obama and his success in both life and as a political candidate. If those conclusions argon true and the white race does actu aloney suppress some other races, the Obama must have got been doing something different in order to change his lot in life. The most obvious explanation for his success, in light of the circumstances sonsy against him, is that Barack Obama has concentrated on exploring avenues in life that have normally been traditionally white paths to success.It could be said, premier and foremost, that Barack Obama has tried to emulate the path that a white politician would take in terms of his education. Though he has not done everything like a white politician and he has some experiences that are certainly unique to his situation, he has traveled down an educational path that is normally reserved for white people in America. This all started when he got life-threatening about education during his time at Occidental College.A Barack Obama biography writes of his unique educational transformation, Obama graduated from Punahou and went on to Occidental College in Los Angeles, where he decided to observe serious about his studies. Midway through, he transferred to the prestigious Columbia University in New York City (Barack Obama Biography). Going to a prestigious Ivy League University for undergraduate studies was only the beginning for Obama, though. He amped up his efforts and took it further with his decision to go to law school.The biography states, Feeling it was time to move on, Obama applied to and was accepted at Harvard Law School, one of the top three law schools in the United States. In 1990, he was elected president of the Harvard Law Review journal. He was the first African American to serve in the post, which virtually assured him of any career path he chose after graduation (Barack Obama Biography). Though thes e things are plain important in their own right, it is also important to note that Obama chose to network in traditionally white channels in order to form relationships that have helped him in his political career.Though Obama took some pathways that would normally be reserved for a white politician, he never forgot about his roots. This has been one of the reasons why he was commensurate to break the mold. He served as a community organizer in both Harlem and in Chicago, where he learned the inner-workings of the inner city. Still, even above all of this, it was something else that allowed him to have success that no black candidate before him has ever seen. That characteristic is his unique ability to communicate and motivate other people.He is incredibly weighty and his words empower people. Source Watch writes of how powerful and influential the Senator has become in his short time as a politician. In their biography, they write, The April 18 2005 publishing of TIME magazine listed the 100 most influential people in the world. Obama was included on the list under the section of Leaders and Revolutionaries for his high-profile entrance to national politics and his popularity within the Democratic Party (SourceWatch).This ability to inspire and move people has served the Senator well, as he has clearly broken the mold and caused people to grimace past his race in the 2008 election. This characteristic, along with the decidedly white path he chose have given Obama a fighting chance to be the side by side(p) president of the United States. References Notable Biographies. Barack Obama Biography. http//www. notablebiographies. com/news/Li-Ou/Obama-Barack. html Source Watch. Barack Obama. http//www. sourcewatch. org/index. php? title=Barack_ObamaPolitical_career

Leadership Styles Research Project Essay

I would like to give special acknowledge custodyt to XXX director, XXX for his consistent support and motivation. I am grateful to XXX, come to professor in XXXX , for his technical expertise, advice and excellent guidance. He not however gave my project a scrupulous critical reading, alone added many employments and ideas to improve it. 2 I am grateful to XXX (Sr Hr executive and whole staff members of XXX co for providing me an opportunity to complete my project under their guidance. I am highly indebted to them for the same.Teamwork is essential for competing in todays global atomic number 18na, where individual perfection is not as desirable as a high level of collective performance. In knowledge based enterprises, teams atomic number 18 the norm rather than the exception. Team leading plays a critical role in fostering commitment, accountability, and team success. The Team leader must(prenominal) ensure that the right mix and level of skills are resident on the team.They are also liable for effectively managing 5 relationships outside the team, overcoming obstacles to success, and creating leading opportunities for others. honest leaders are made not born. If you have a bun in the oven the desire and leavepower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, rearing, and experience. To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must be, know, and, do. These do not come natur completelyy, but are acquired through continual work and study.Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their lead skills they are NOT resting on their laurels. Before we get started, lets define leadership. leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a office that makes it much cohesive and coherent. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes , such as beliefs, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, and so on ives you the consent to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization, this p o w e r does not make you a leaderLeadership differs in that it makes the followers w a n t to achieve high goals, rather than simply. All teams must shape their own common purpose, goals and approach. darn a leader must be a working member of the team who contributes, she also stands apart from the team by virtue of her position as leader. A team expects their leader to use that perspective and distance to help them clarify and commit to their mission, goals, and approach.Do not be afraid to get your reach dirty (lead by example), but always remember what you are paid to do (get the job done and grow your employees). The term miens has become more owing(p) in popular culture over the last decades, but its origins lie in psychological research on learning and personality. The original concept of style is that we all have preferences for the WAY we do things think, relate to others, interact, learn. Kurt Lewin, in the 1930s identified three major styles autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire, while Rensis Likert defined Exploitive 6If you have the time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from your employees, then you should use the participative style. Participative (democratic) This type of style involves the leader including one or more employees in on the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a take of weakness, rather it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect. This is normally employ when you have part of the information, and your employees have other parts.Note that a leader is not expected to know everything this is why you employ knowledgeable and skillful employees. Using t his style is of mutual benefit it allows them to become part of the team and allows you to make split decisions. Delegative (free reign) In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decision. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is used when employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what of necessity to be done and how to do it. You cannot do everything You must set priorities and delegate certain tasks.This is not a style to use so that you can blame others when things go wrong, rather this is a style to be used when you have the full trust and confidence in the people below you. Do not be afraid to use it, however, use it wisely Forces A good leader uses all three styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader, and the situation. Some examples let in 13 o Using an authoritarian style on a new employee who is just learning the job. The leader is competent and a good coach. T he employee is move to learn a new skill.The situation is a new environment for the employee. Using a participative style with a team of workers who know their job. The leader knows the problem, but does not have all the information. The employees know their jobs and want to become part of the team. o Using a delegative style with a worker who knows more about(predicate) the job than you. You cannot do everything The employee needs to take ownership of her job. Also, the situation might call for you to be at other places, doing other things. o Using all three Telling your employees that a procedure is not working correctly and a new one must be established (authoritarian).Asking for their ideas and stimulus on creating a new procedure (participative). Delegating tasks in order to implement the new procedure (delegative). o Forces that influence the style to be used included task. o Internal conflicts. o Stress levels Type of task. Is it structured, unstructured, complicated, or s imple? o Laws or established procedures such as OSHA or training plans. Positive and Negative Approaches in that location is a difference in ways leaders approach their employee. Positive leaders use rewards, such as education, independence, etc. to motivate employees. spot negative employees emphasize penalties.While the negative approach has a place in a leaders repertoire of tools, it must be used carefully due to its high cost on the human spirit. Negative leaders act domineering and superior with people. They believe the only way to get things done is through penalties, such as loss of job, days off without pay, reprimand employees in front of others, etc. They believe their authority is increased by freighting everyone into higher lever of productivity. Yet what always happens when this approach is used wrongly is that morale falls which of course leads to lower productivity.Also billhook that most leaders do not strictly use one or another, but are somewhere on a continuum ranging from extremely coercive to extremely negative. People who continuously work out of the negative are bosses while those who primarily work out of the positive are considered real leaders. 14 Use of Consideration and Structure Two other approaches that leaders use are Consideration (employee orientation) Leaders are concerned about the human needs of their employees. They build teamwork, help employees with their problems, and provide psychological support.Structure (task orientation) Leaders believe that they get results by consistently keeping people busy and urging them to produce. There is evidence that leaders who are considerate in their leadership style are higher performers and are more satisfied with their job. Also notice that esteem and structure are independent of each other, thus they should not be viewed on opposite ends of a continuum. For example, a leader who becomes more considerate, does not necessarily mean that she has become less structured. Paternal ism Paternalism has at times been equated with leadership styles.Yet most renderings of leadership normally state or imply that one of the actions within leadership is that of influencing. Leadership is influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation while operating to accomplish the mission and improving the organization. The Army further goes on by delimit influence as a means of getting people to do what you want them to do. It is the means or method to achieve two ends operating and improving. scarcely there? s more to influencing than simply passing along orders. The example you set is just as important as the words you speak.And you set an example good or bad with every action you take and word you utter, on or off duty. Through your words and example, you must communicate purpose, direction, and motivation. While paternalism is defined as (Webster) a system under which an authority undertakes to supply needs or regulate conduct of those under its c ontrol in matters change them as individuals as well as in their relationships to authority and to each other. o Thus paternalism supplies needs for those under its protection or control, while leadership gets things done. The first is directed inwards, while the.Latter is directed outwards. 15 It seems that some picture paternalistic behavior as almost a barbaric way of getting things accomplished. Yet, leadership is all about getting things done for the organization. And in some situations, a paternalistic style of decision-making might be required indeed, in some cultures and individuals, it may also be expected by not only those in charge, but also the followers. That is what makes leadership styles quite interesting they essentially run along the same continuum as Hofstedes PDI, ranging from paternalistic to consultive styles of decision making.This allows a wide range of individual behaviors to be dealt with, ranging from beginners to peak performers. In addition, it accoun ts for the fact that not everyone is the same. However, when paternalistic or autocratic styles are relied upon too much and the employees are ready and/or willing to react to a more consultive type of leadership style, then it normally becomes quite damaging to the performance of the organization. There are a number of different approaches, or styles to leadership and management that are based on different assumptions and theories.The style that individuals use will be based on a combination of their beliefs, values and preferences, as well as the organisational culture and norms which will encourage some styles and discourage others. Charismatic Leadership Participative Leadership Situational Leadership Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership The reticent Leader Servant Leadership Additional research The Managerial Grid Blake and Moutons people-task balance. Lewins leadership styles Three original styles. Likerts leadership styles from autocratic to partici pative. Six Emotional Leadership Styles from Mr. Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goleman and friends. Post-hoc Management 16 Charismatic Leadership Charismatic Leadership is defined by scoop Weber as resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns or order revealed or official by him. He defines Charisma as a certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities.These are such as are not affable to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader ( ). How the quality in question would be ultimately jud ged from an ethical, aesthetic, or other such point of view is naturally indifferent for the purpose of definition. Charismatic people have a re markable ability to distill complex ideas into simple messages (I have a dream) they communicate by using symbols, analogies, metaphors and stories.Furthermore they relish risk and feel empty without it, they are great optimists, they are rebels who fight convention, and they may seem idiosyncratic. Charismatic leaders are pictured as organizational heroes or magic leaders who have the social power basis to orchestrate turnarounds, launch new enterprises, inspire organizational renewal, and obtain extraordinary performance from organizational members. These leaders inspire trust, faith and belief in themselves. Of course none of this is a guarantee that the mission will be correct, ethical, or successful. Origin of the Charismatic Leadership model.

The Cardiovascular System

Intrinsic Conduction System1. The inalienable conduction system consists of __autorhythmic cardiac______ cells that initiate and distribute __impulses___ throughout the heart.2. The intrinsic conduction system coordinates heart activity by determining the direction and speed of _heart depolarization___. This leads to a coordinated heart contraction.3. List the functions for the following parts of the intrinsic conduction system a. SA Node __initiates the depolarizing impulse and sets the pace for the entire beat___ b. Internodal Pathway __link in the midst of the SA node and the AV node__ c. AV Node __delay occurs allowing atria to contract___ d. AV Bundle (Bundle of His) _link between atria and ventricles__ e. Bundle Branches __convey impulses down the interventricular septum___ f. Purkinje Fibers ___convey the depolarization throughout the ventricular walls_____4. The action potentials spread from the autorhythmic cells of the intrinsic conduction system (electrical event) to the _contractile__ cells. The resulting mechanical events cause a heartbeat.5. A shadow of the electrical activity of the heart is called a/an __electrocardiogram__.6. What do the following wave forms reflect? . P wave ___atrial depolarization___ b. QRS complex ___ventricular depolarization____ c. T wave __ventricular repolarization___7. In a normal ECG wave tracing, atrial repolarization is hidden by __QRS Complez__.8. Note Electrical events lead to mechanical events. For example, the P wave represents __atrial_ depolarization, which leads to atrial _contraction___.9. A remaining bundle branch block would have a wider than normal wave for the __QRS complex_. (Quiz section) 10. An abnormally fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute) is called __tachycardia___. (Quiz section)

ITM all case study summary

Those purchasing online work their orders verbalizeed to their coal LOCO store so that the LOCO hind end maintain its role in ensuring social responsibility and not shipping to minors. LOCO contracted with Robot Systems International to maintain a real-time inventory of products that straight off interfaces with the companys warehouse management frame. LOCO Senior vice-president Hugh Kelly be after to revamp LOCO. Com to better engage and target its clients through social media.Kelly also planned to bring flat screen kiosks designed to better inform customers some their purchases and get instant feedback. Supply Chain Customers see Vintages and LOCO. Mom first hand they do not see behind the scenes where technology also plays a key role in the new LOCO. Systems such as the warehouse management system allow them to distri exclusivelye products in less than a panoptic case, know when a bottle in a case been broken, and accurately reflect the inventory levels so that when a cus tomer orders a bottle of drink they can ensure timely preservation.Other systems allow the LOCO to forecast and replenish stock in a timely manner based on nonprescription(prenominal) sales nurture that is fed back to head office. LOCO 2. 0 Internally, the company manages its communications with an extensive intranet that reduces the financial and environmental burdens of paper- based memos and forms. The intranet is used to propel internal bulletins, memos, and expense reports, or to lessen the burden on employees when distributing LOCO media reports. It is the primary communication vehicle for the company.APS LOCO on the Go is an app that LOCO provides which allows its customers to frequent products from their smart phones. Chapter 2 Information Systems Improve billet Processes at grocery store Gateway food market Gateway is Canadas leader in the online retailing of home and office deliver groceries. Founded by a group of entrepreneurs with the idea that people had better thing to do in life than grocery shop. In 2004, Grocery Gateway was acquired by Long Br another(prenominal)s Fruit Market Inc, a family owned independent grocery telephone circuit that has operated physical grocery stores since 1956.Grocery Gateway sells groceries over the internet and deliver them directly to your door. They are open 24 hours, 7 days a week. People who have trouble or cannot have the time to buy groceries such as the elderly find Grocery Gateway to be beneficial. Information Systems Are at the Heart of the Comma/s vexation Processes Grocery Gateways has built some(prenominal) key features in its Web site to attract and retain its customers, such as offering an online shopping demo, a getting-started tutorial, and email customer support.Grocery Gateways Web sites offers a integral suite of electronic commerce shapeality that allows consumers to browse or find grocery items, see pictures and descriptions of product items (including their price), and to select i tems in a shopping basket and check out those items for delivery. Grocery Gateways website must be tightly integrated and coordinate for the Web site to function as a cohesive hole. reading Information Systems to Manage Logistics Business Processes Grocery Gateways focuses on the logistics of quick delivery. on that pointfore the company has rescinded to the Descartes Systems Group, an on-demand logistics management solutions provider, to optimize Grocery Gateways selection of delivery routes. The technology allows Grocery Gateway to guarantee its customer a specific 90-minute window of delivery of groceries to their doors, a a great deal narrower window than other retail delivery operations. The software that Grocery Gateway uses must take into account unpredictable delays, such s traffic jams and road accidents, as well as last-minute customer requests or cancellations.GAPS enabled mobile phones allow the logistics software to know the exact position and location of Grocery Gateway drivers to make the best decisions on routes for drivers to follow. The Descartes software has improve the piece of tail line. Since deploying the On-demand Fleet trouble Solution, Grocery Gateway has im be its on-time delivery performance by 14 percent and is exceeding its yearly stops per paid hour by 12. 4 percent. Routes are continually optimized for maximum efficiency. Access to historical ATA ensures that business processes are optimized and customer service needs are responded to more proactively.Chapter 3 Social Media and Gaston Catcher Where celebrities go, fans follow. David Kara noticed after famous artists began using his blobbing service Tumble. Therefore encouraging celebrities to set up accounts on the site has become abruptly part of our road map and our business plan, Kara says. Like Tumble, social sites are going out of their ay to keep the celebrities happy and coming back. Obama on Namespace, Faceable, and Twitter The Obama judiciary created profil e pages on Namespace, Faceable, and Twitter.Namespace has agreed to plant ad-free pages and equipped the profile to get automatic updates from the white Houses official blob. Faceable has worked with the make outrs of select celebrity members, including CBS news anchor Katie approach and French President Nicolas Karakas, to get feedback on the new design of the site onward it was opened to the public. Twitter co- founder Biz Stone credits high-profile users exchangeable actor Gaston Catcher and basketball professional Aquiline ONeal for bringing attention to the site of 140character messages but says the company doesnt re behave any peculiar(prenominal) resources for them.John Legend Taps Tumble In addition to their promotional value, social networking celebrities represent a potential revenue source for these young startups. Tumble of late helped musician John Legend design a professional-looking blob that matches the look of his promotional site, created by Song Music Enter tainment. Inning a website to allow its users to build their own social network. Inning charges its users but legion(predicate) of whom are celebrities $2. 99 a month for their social networks, but charges as much as $59. 9 a month to users who prefer to keep their pages clear of ads or who want to collect revenue generated by ads n their pages. Although Innings services is not exclusive to stars, many of the most successful networks on Inning draw on the fame of their operators, including hip-hop artist 50 cent and Q-tip, rock band Good Charlotte, and Ultimate flake Championship titleholder BC Penn. Many big names in business, including Dell CEO Michael Dell, use the professional networking site, Linked more as a business tool than to amass legions of followers.Whatever their reasons for being on the site, Linked uses the fact executives from all 500 biggest companies are among its member to encourage other businesspeople to join the site. Chapter 4 Shell Canada Fuels Productiv ity with ERP Shell Canada is one of the nations largest integrated petroleum companies and is a stellar(a) manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of refined petroleum products. The company, headquartered in Calgary, produces natural botch, natural be adrift liquids and bitumen. Shell Canada is also the countrys largest producer of sulfur.There is a Canada-wide network of about 1 ,800 Shell- branded retail gasoline stations and convenience food stores from coast to coast. bang Critical ERP To run such a complex and vast business operation successfully, the company lies heavily on a mission-critical ERP system. Using such a system is a necessity to help the company integrate and manage its daily operations operations that span from wells and mines, to processing plants, to oil trucks and gas pumps. The ERP system has helped the company in reducing and streamlining the highly manual process of third-party contractors submitting repair nurture and in give tongue tos.On average, t here are between 2,500 and 4,000 service orders handled by these contractors per month on a nationwide basis. Life at Shell Before ERP Before the ERP system, contractors had to send Shell monthly summarized invoices that listed maintenance calls the contractors made at various(a) Shell gasoline stations. Each one of these invoices took a contractor between eight and 20 hours to prepare. Collectively, the contractors submitted somewhere between 50 and 100 invoices every month to Shell. This involved each invoice being reviewed by the appropriate territory manager and then forwarded to head office for payment processing.This alone consumed another 16-30 hours of tire out per month. At the head office, another 200 hours of work was performed by data entry clerks who had to manually defer batch invoice data into the payment system. more than hours of labor were required to decipher and correct errors if any mistakes were introduced from all the manual invoice generation and data re- entry involved. Detailed information about the service repairs that contractors did was frequently not entered into the payment system it was often weeks or even months old by the time it made it into the payment processing system.As a result, Shell was not collecting sufficient information about what repairs were being done, what had caused the problem, and how it had been resolved. ERP is Solving Issues ERP solved these issues by providing an integrated Web-based service order, invoice, and payment submission system. With this tool third-party contractors can enter service orders directly into Shells ERP system via the web. With the ERP system it takes only a few minutes for a contractor to enter details about a service order.Contractors monthly, summarized invoices can now be generated automatically and fed directly into the ERP systems accounts payable application for processing. The ERP systems benefit is its ease-of-use. Shell offered its personnel both formal and informal E RP training. These proved to be invaluable in teaching end-users the mechanics of the system, gassing awareness of the system benefits, and the efficiencies that the ERP system could offer Shell. This not only helped promote end-user acceptance of the ERP system, but also greatly increased employees intentions to use the system in their daily work.With this new system, employees across the company have gained fast and easy access to the tools and information they need to conduct their daily operations. Chapter 5 Supply Chain Management Inc. Helping Canadians Shop Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management Inc. (SCM Inc. ) operates several large, state-of-the- art distribution centers for Walter Canada. SCM Inc. Is there to support Walter Canadas operations and commitment to its customers. We strive to identify efficiencies that contribute to Walters infiltrate line, so it can continue to serve millions of Canadians and grow its business. Said Dan Gabbed, president of SCM Inc. SCM Inc. s business is logistics, or in other words get the the right way products to the right place in the right quantity at the right time to satisfy customer demand. SCM Inc. Was founded in 1 994 by the Tibet & Britton Group. SCM and Logistics at SCM Inc. The conveyors and the technology work together with merchandise feed landing, and highly trained and engaged employees, to provide a gold standard service level in logistics and supply chain of mountains management for their customers. SCM Inc. Arks closely with Walters acquire and replenishment teams to ensure best-in-class Store in-stock, prime(prenominal), and supply chain cost levels for general merchandise and groceries, which includes both non- perishable and perishable goods. How It Works How does SCM Inc. Manage the supply chain so that the right product arrives in the right store at the right time for the retail customer to buy? This is accomplished with a compounding of technology and processes. Staple Stock Rece iving Staple stock items are carried for stores end-to-end the year.Data on each store?s sales made before 1 800 each day are collected and transmitted to Walters information processing optic in Bonneville, Arkansas. The information for each of the stores supplied by the Calgary distribution centre is sent back to the distribution centre that identical evening. The data is used to generate labels for the product picks the next morning and these labels are then picked and placed on the conveyor and sent to the appropriate shipping lanes. Distribution Assembly Receiving bobsled The distribution assembly dock has 43 docks for receiving truck shipments.As the trailers are unloaded, with the aid of the Receiving Dock System (REDS), team members scan the bar codes on the vendor cases and enter the quantity for each item in the system REDS will then chump the required number of labels. The team member labels the burden and places it on the conveyor, which moves the clog to the shipp ing area after about a 12-minute ride on a conveyor Icepack Modules At each of the seven icepack modules, freight is picked from the slots, labeled, and placed on the conveyor to travel to the shipping lanes.The icepack modules work with all of the full case freight created from the previous nights production (label) run with freight that has been ordered in full-case quantities. Put to Light Department This department handles freight that is less than full-case quantities and that has pre-determined distribution to the stores. The department has 3 modules and each module is set up I sections. When the operator scans the label bar code created by the receiving department, which is placed on the outside of the carton, a atonic flashes, indicating what quantities to put into the container designated for a store.In this department the team member moves the stock to a unmoving box. Pick to Light Also handles freight that is less than full-case quantities. This department on the other hand deals with staple stock items already in the building, based on the previous day sales of the stores that are not in full-case quantities. It uses the same technology as the Put to Light department in the order filling process but in this department the store box moves to the stationary vendor freight. Voice Voice is a process created by Walter that enables the distribution of non- conveyable stock.Product is picked directly from the vendor pallet and striation is given through voice commands to the pickers. The system tells each operator where and how many cases to put to each pallet. Each pallet represents a store. Merge Area at the top of the conveyor system where all the cases from all input lines come together. The cartons pass through tow scanners. The first scanner reads the label and sorts the box to either the north or southwest side of the shipping building depending on its final destination.The second scanner scans the bar code for billing information and then plac es the freight into the proper window to be diverted into its respective shipping lane. Shipping Lanes Shipping is the largest department in the distribution centre and the final destination in the building for the cartons before they are moved into the trailers for shipping. This department is set up so that each door represents one store in Western Canada. In this area, team members concoct multiple lanes, using an overhead lighting system to determine lane priority. Trailer Loading Freight arrives at the shipping lanes from many input lines, in no particular Order.This puts pressure on the team members that are loading the trailers as they build secure loads. Team members must build secure walls of freight n the trailers to ensure safe off-loading and minimal in-transit damage to the stock when it arrives at store level. Loading safe trailers and filling them to capacity is a key gap for SCM Inc. And Walter alike. The Billing Department Even though the freight has made it to th e trailer, the processing is not finished. The Billing department takes over and creates the shipping packets from the paperwork that comes to them from the Data Processing department.Once the shipping packets are created, the Billing department also prepares the bills of lading so that the carriers can deliver the freight. In edition, the Billing department processes claims, credits, additional billing and reprinting of invoices. The expel Department Once the dispatch team receives the shipping packets from the Billing department, they schedule the trailers using the dispatch course. When the trailers are scheduled, the dispatchers forward the information to the carriers to confirm delivery.Dispatch also emails the delivery information to the stores and processes all paperwork prior to each trailer leaving. Drivers pick up paperwork prior to each trailer leaving. Drivers pick up paperwork at the dispatch window prior to hooking up to their trailers. Chapter 6 Harnessing Customer Relationships at Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Richards Story Richard was impressed on his stay at Fairmont Vancouver Airport. His credit card was going to excrete in less than 30 days so an employee asked Richard to leave his new business card at the desk so that his personal information could be updated in his records after he was checked in.Richard was pleased for receiving this care and attention and he wished other businesses could offer the same level of good service. Guest recognition program Fairmont realizes that information systems are critical to the success of a customer loyalty program like Presidents Club or any other customer kinship initiative. Consolidating Guest Information Fairmont built one centralized database that gathered information from all its various property management systems. The result was the ability to have one, centralized, and undifferentiated view of each guest, regardless of which hotel a guest stayed in.The guest database provided a way to know a nd talk to guests, to service their preferences and interests, regardless of whether they are repeat customers or if they were checking in the hotel for the very first time. Enhancing Guest experiences Supersonic Networks provided 24/7 customer support to its guest using high- speed internet services at various Fairmont hotel and resort locations worldwide. Use of Information systems to improve guest relations and customer experience is its consideration of self-service check-in kiosks.Chapter 7 The Case for Business Intelligence at Nettling Companies such as Amazon, Nettling, Best Buy, and RIB financial use databases or data warehouses to collect your search data, purchase data, or running play your activities, and then by using data mining tools and business intelligence they turn this data into information that can potentially boost heir bottom lines. Reed Hastings and a $40 Late Fee Reed hasting co-founder and CEO of Nettling was hit with a $40 fee for Apollo 13 at blockbuster Video which got him thinking about the video rental business model.Why did video stores not work like health clubs where you could use the service as much or a little as you wanted for a flat monthly fee? So armed with IIS$750 million from the sale of a occasion venture, Hastings co- founded Nettling in 1997. The science and the Art of Nineties The box office success of a movie is only a proxy for awareness of a movies existence it does not necessarily translate into demand for the movie in the mental market, and box office success or failure does not soused success or failure of the movie in the rental market.Due to these two facts, distribution managers use their experience to formulate a hypothesis of a movies contingent success in the rental market. They then follow this up with the science of analytics to help them make the final decision as to what movies to distribute. The Analytics Cinematic does the following It defines clusters of movies, connects customer movie rankin gs to the clusters, and then uses this connection to advise movies to a particular customer. In addition, Cinematic also insiders Nineteens inventory condition in its recommendations.Nettling will often recommend movies that fit the customers profile but that are not in high demand in order to take advantage of the long tail. What does this mean? Business intelligence is important to Nettling as it is a part of it secret of success. By collecting customer data in their database and then analyzing the data, Entail is able to have its Web site adapt to the personal tastes of each of its over 25 million customers in North America, and will do so even more with its plans to expand into Latin American markets in 2012.Chapter 8 Leveraging Knowledge at bell Canada Bell Canada Canadas largest telephone and telecommunications company is constantly threatened by new competitors and innovative technologies. To stay ahead of the pack, Bell recognizes the importance of providing its employees with easy access to the most current information. Bell built the Market Knowledge center (MOCK) portal. The MOCK portal provides employees with easy access to high quality, relevant information in a forum where this information Can be personalized, pushed, pulled, shared, discussed, summarized and integrated with other pieces of information.Bell believes hat such a tool increases the chance of employees making new discoveries, learning new insights, and strengthening their know-how. Objectives of the MOCK portal are Enable Bell to meet competitive challenges in the marketplace Enrich the companys hiring and training employees Increase technological literacy among employees Provide resources to employees that can help them develop their knowledge and competencies. The MOCK provides information access from each employees desktop.Employees are not constrained by physical geography, unavailable copies, or hours of operation. The portal facilitates both search and browse functions. Emp loyees can make up documents of interest through a keyword search. The MOCK portal helps employees do their jobs better. The portal provides key strategic and tactical information needed by employee to support their projects. There are also savings for the company in delivering the MOCK portal.The portal eliminates duplicate spending on consultant reports, trade magazines, and industry documents across the attempt by centralizing subscriptions to online databases and electronic journals and negotiating corporate-wide distribution licenses with suppliers. Features have been added to the portal in recent years include 1 . Incorporating Googles Mini Search Appliance 2. integrating news feeds 3. Creating subject pages MOCK staff also provides end-user customer support to employees.This involves fielding more demanding in-depth research questions from employees, rather than answering quick reference questions that employees can easily address themselves. TO ensure the MOCK portal is re sponsive to company needs, performance measures of client satisfaction are conducted regularly. Moreover, MOCK portal tool helps turn information into knowledge by giving workers easy access to high quality and relevant information, and he ability to work with, share, and discuss this information with others, leading to gains in understanding and the ability to put this understanding into action.Chapter 9 Embracing Privacy at the urban center of Hamilton Privacy Concerns Recognizing the real concerns of Canadians over how well governments handle and protect the personal information they collect, the City of Hamilton has taken the lead in ensuring that any risks to the inadvertent release and misuse of personal information are minimized. defend Citizens A citizen, attempting to renew a dog license using the new online service, exposed a serious unknown technology vulnerability in the application.By accounting entry an incorrect file number, the user was able to return personal inf ormation (name and address) for a different dog owner in the community. Municipal staff reacted fleetly in removing the problem functionality. In the following months, staff from both the municipal Freedom of Information (OFF) fleck and the Citys information Technology Services (ITS) division worked with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPAC) to make the breach public and to redesign and ultimately reinstate, new functionality with upgrades to prevent unauthorized access of personal information.Learning from Lessons Technology is just a tool. If is merciful behavior (Hacking, purposeful misuse, an inability to take proper measures, or mistakes in design and implementation) that ultimately results in privacy breaches. Privacy Impact Assessment The City of Hamilton commissioned its first ever Privacy Impact Assessment (PIP) to identify any potential privacy risks, before proceeding with a User adoption and Uptake research project conducted by Master University res earchers.The project investigated end-user adoption of the millionth. A portal, collecting data from Web tracking information and personal demographic information from Hamiltonians who agreed to participate in the study. Chapter 10 Project Management and E-Learning The Project Marie Wesley was sitting at her office one day and thought to herself l wish more Of our stakeholders understood what went into creating these documents and how time-consuming it is for the company to ensure the accuracy and readability of the information. She put together a proposal and sent it to university Learning Publishers and accepted $25,000 to develop her e-learning concept. Putting the Parts Together While Marie was at the fitness centre she thought of the concept of a stationary bike, the bike could not function without the other parts. This was similar to her project where she then jotted down capabilities that she needed to complete her project management information systems expertise securities commission experts knowledge about make-up for the internet instructional designers and educational experts.Putting Advisors in Place Marie had much work to do. She needed to form her advisory Committee, determine her target audience, get quotes for various phases of development f the e-learning tool (and identify those phases), hire someone who manage the project while she wrote the content, determine the timeline for software development and implementation, and the how to assess the quality of the software throughout the development and implementation phases.Marie searched for companies that were interested in completing the part of the project that she wanted to outsource. She then found one, Star Communications. However it was difficult to judge the quality Of Stars work and the capabilities of the designers, as Star provided no work samples to help determine what the possibilities were for the final product. Adding Project Management After much consideration of the risks assoc iated with partial outsourcing versus full service, Marie decided to let Star create the first module.

China 1400’s

In the early 1400s most people did non venture outside of their birthplace. Most did not live long lives. They died either from claw birth, famine, or sickness. Their knowledge of Arts, medicine, work, and law was confined to the small village and the families that lived in that respect. They would have traveled only a few miles to the next village to trade or shop for necessities. The bulk of their food intake would have been corn, wheat, sorghum, rice and barley. But not too far away in the same conception there were missionaries, pilgrims, explorers, conquerors, seaman, caravan leaders and merchants.Explorers and conquerors made their way to villages and took people into their web of networks most against their will. In the beginning merchants were like lower class people. They were watched closely, and their activities were regulated. However as the area got bigger the merchants grew in power, wealth, and status. China was a power house in the early 1400s. They were an advan ced region and would have been best prepared for the emerging world market. They were trading silk, spices, tea, religion, and sickness. Sickness was a drawback/ disadvantage of having travelers, merchants and traders in your area.China had a fleet of ships that traveled to places such as Calicut, Thailand, and other countries. But in 1421 a emperor butterfly named Yongle stopped a voyages by the Ming Fleet, and in 1436 emperor Zhu Qizhen ordered the destruction of all shipbuilding plans. China became isolated from other countries and isolated from itself merchants and traders were not back up by the government and were not protected from pirates. The population almost tripled in size from the 1400s to the 1600 to a staggering 160 million. The majority were poor and could not purchase from Chinese traders.

Math and Music

There argon some obvious similarities betwixt music and maths. A musician might not think about them consciously, but knows innately. Scales and intervals atomic number 18 fundamentally expressions of numeric kinds. Grasping the importance of math to music means going beyond the conception that math is more than undecomposed numbers. unisonians at the highest level know that math is, in fact, fundamental to music. Musicians and mathematicians dont often think of themselves in the same terms, but they are actually practitioners of the same art. Music open fire be studied, created and expressed through the principles of physics and geometry.OriginsThe langu jump on of music is heavily laden with numerical jargon. all(prenominal) young player learns to assign numbers to weighing machine notes and intervals. A musician asked to play a secondary s regular(a)th interval can visualize this in numeric form. They think of the scale, then determine its relationship to what they were asked to play. For almost musicians, this kind of math is an unconscious attend. It be accrues second nature.mathematics should not be thought of as a static set of lifeless numbers. In reality, math is a dynamic and creative process of discovering relationships and evaluating their meanings. Music shares the same elements of the problem solving process.The ancient Greek mathematician Pythagoras was fascinated with music and its expression of mathematical relationships. The beauty of music, for him, was the same as that a mathematician experiences in the process of discovery (Loy, 2006). He saw the digressions in notes in terms of balances. For example, if C is the tonic D would be 9/8 of C. The ratio is describing the difference in the number of vibrations. Each note has its own ratio, relative to tonic. The ratio is multiplied for notes in high octaves, and divided for notes in lower octaves. Generally speaking, the frequency of a note within a scale can be calculated by mu ltiplying the frequency of the tonic note times the frequency ratio for the selected interval (Reid, 2007).The concept of the octave was described by ancient mathematicians. They discovered that some notes, although antithetic, could be around imperceptible to the human ear. Correspondingly, they found that there is a mathematical relationship between the same notes in different octaves. The relationships Pythagoras and others illustrated between math and music are fundamental to the development of both fields. In an age when music can be created with computers, the mathematical elements of music down become even more important.FoundationsMath and music both use symbols and employ conceptual frameworks. As in math, some elements of music are undefined or vague. Yet, the influence of math is apparent in ways musicians may not even consciously realize. Harvey Reid cites one such exampleThe frets of a guitar are actually placed according to the twelfth rootof 2, and 12 frets go half way up the neck, to the octave, which ishalfway between the ends of the strings. (2007)A note is the most basic element of music. What is a note? In technical terms, a note is a peculiar(prenominal) frequency of vibrations. A good example of this can be seen on an electronic tuning quantity. The meter does not hear notes, per se. It counts the number of vibrations the player is creating and matches it to the appropriate frequency for the note being tuned. The actions the player takes to come into compliance with the tuner are essentially part of a mathematical problem-solving process. This illustrates the physics of music.The time piece song itself is a mathematical formula related to number theory. The formula is n/2m, where n and m are positive whole numbers (Benson, 2006). More complex time signatures lead to more complicated mathematical relationships. This complexity can be heard, and felt, by the listener.Scales are expressions of mathematical ratios. Broadly classified, s cales may be practice-based, just intoned or tempered (Reid, 2007). All are based on mathematical theories. The intervals present in the scales are expressions of mathematical ratios.The process of writing music is mathematical at its heart. It consists of constructing many mathematical relationships that, in some way, still relate to each other. We know what intervals to avoid or, in other words, what frequencies clash in an unpleasing way.Some music takes on geometric properties. A piece in which a theme is repeated and overlapped continually can be described geometrically. The theme is often stretched, overlapped, changed slightly and moved to different keys. All of these are mathematical actions that could be visualized graphically.Technology, the future and ConclusionIn the computer age, musicians have a vast array of tools to create new and interesting music. Computers themselves are mathematical machines. Each involve is a mathematical problem for the computer to solve. In m achines that have vast mathematical capabilities, musicians can research notational relationships in ways they never thought possible before. There are limitations to the human ear, but technology can use mathematic principles to explore those limitations.The longer a person studies music, the more they become aware of its mathematical roots. Similarly, the longer a person studies mathematics, the more aware they become music is an expression of mathematical concepts. As technology advances, the potential exists for the each field to increase the knowledge of the other.Most musicians innately sense the alliance with math. The connections go far beyond the obvious, however. It is a linkage that can be traced all the way suffer to common origins.SourcesBenson, David L. (2006). Music a Mathematical Offering. New York CambridgeUniversity Press.Loy, Gareth. (2006). Musimathics The Mathematical Foundations of Music Vol. 1.Boston The MIT Press.Reid, Harvey. (2007). Of Mathematics and M usic. Accessed 3/22/2007 fromhttp//www.woodpecker.com/writing/essays/math+music.html

Why we hate HR

This shows the critical region and consort f military man resources tweakment ( ill-use) in an administration. However, some concerns ar articulated in the term why We dislike HER. The author did some research on the effectiveness and efficiency of misemploy function, finding that the HARM does not do their possess Job virtually and accountably to maximize the human resourcesfinding the better hires, nurturing the stars, and fostering a productive convey environment. Although some of the authors points may be somewhat radical, some points atomic number 18 knowledgeable.In the quest analysis, ingest opinions argon presenting to analyze and evaluate the authors arguments about the HER function in organizations. HER People arent the Sharpest Tacks in the Box (Disagree) As I mentioned before, employees are valuable assets of an organization to offer necessary labor and good expertise. They are executors and performers following the top level management to put one over efforts and contri furtherions to the organization. They are besides connect to the development and progress of an organization. Where do these employees come from?HER professionals hire them and then train them to maximize their function and obligation. HER is something of an umbrella term, include many several(a) functions within its scope. As the strength of an organization relies upon the strength of its employees, the effective management of an organizations human resources potbelly propel the organization toward high levels of performance. (Kennedy, May/June 2004, Para. 2&3). This reveals the splendor of HARM in an organization to regulate and manage employees and human enshroudings across the different departments.In fitition, the author divides the HER volume into two classifications. One is intelligent mountain who fare naughtily in meatier graphic symbol, but not poorly enough to be fired so that exile from organization chief(prenominal)stream into HER ap artment. Another type is those who enter the field by choice and with the best of intentions, but for the wrong reasons such as liking working with masses. From own view, this classification is somewhat subjective and biased. military man resources people are employees of an organization as well.In order to execute their function, cursorily choosing and arranging them is not a wise nub to emend the role of HARM so that the possibility of exile should be tiny. The superpower and quality of HER people should be high enough to control the entrance of raw(a) employees, improvement of go through employees, and human traffic across the entire organization. HER Pursues Efficiency in Lieu of Value (Agree) The worth of assumeables is a vital standard to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM.This means the HER people are not calculated by what they do but by what they deliver to not only the employees and frontier managers, but also the investors and customers. Recentl y, the rapidly changing dynamics of the marketplace are forcing organizations to question whether they have the appropriate knowledge, processes, and technology to deliver HER services that add alee and are cost effective (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 2). This reflects two different kinds of deliverables, adding entertain and pitch cost.Capital asset is utilize to produce rank-added. The modality of cling to creation is usually divided into two forms existent big(p) and human capital. In the perspective of human capital, it refers to the aggregation of knowledge, skills, and vigor endowed in people, and it is the master(prenominal) body of pass judgment creation. With the emergence and popularity of human capital theory, people began to attach importance to human capital in sparing growth, which accordingly contributes to the increase in human capital investment (Ghana & Run- titan Jinn, touch 2006, Para. ). This shows the tendency of value creation by HARM to the developm ent of an organization. Specifically, HER people should connect right employees to the suitable position composition selecting. Afterward, they should train the employees appropriately to deliver valuable and useful information so that new employees could better control the organization, position, and responsibility. Finally, through performance appraisal, some issues and matters should be fixed. All Hess ways could add value into the organization to improve the progress.Cost saving is another type of deliverables that performs in the opposite way of adding value. It closely related to the financial executives so that the cooperation between financial function and HER function is tight and vital. Financial executives need to pass sure their organizations HER function runs flatly and cost efficiently By performing a structured analysis of HER service delivery, organizations a great deal can gain perspective on the proper course to follow to transmogrify the HER function (Donahu e, June 1996, Para. 11).The way of cost effectiveness by HARM could be communication among executives and determination a realizable dodge in order to deliver HER services for equity and diversity in the future. HER isnt working for You (Neutrality) HARM is confine by legal labor regulations promulgated by the government authority, such as Equal involution Opportunity, Fair Labor Standards, and Occupational Safety and Health. In addition, the organization itself has own policies and rules to be followed by HARM. This means HER people have to accept both the outsider and insider supervisions with sensitive caution to make sure it does not UN afoul of the rules.Usually, they pursue standardization and uniformity in the face of a workforce that is heterogeneous and difficult because this way is relatively easy to regulate and manage the employees and functions. They have a tautness created by HRS role as protector of the organizations assets so that compliance is put in the firs t place. nobody would be smooth all the time. There are still some exceptions that violate the strict rules. These exceptions should be considered by HER people under their management.Therefore, at this time, the way used by HER people o deal with the exceptions is important since it not only shows the capability of adoption, but also relates to the maintenance of relationship between employees and functions. In the article of Why We Hate HER, the author is somewhat radical that all the exceptions are not considered guardedly and dealt with well by HER people because they follow the rules strictly without any exception. The author also describes that bureaucrats everywhere detest exceptionsnot unless because they open up the organization to charges of bias, but because they require more than rote solutions.From own viewpoint, the authors explanation is reasonable and understandable, but not absolute. Klein (Seep. 1998) found that Organization human resource managers Often get no respect because they work in the so called soft end of the company and seemingly dont directly propel the bottom line (Para. 1). This reveals the reason why HER people do not accept some exceptions the learn of accepting exceptions is little that has no effectiveness and efficiency to the organization. Under this condition, some exceptions are ignored, not honourable because HER people are lazy to find the solutions.Therefore, although there may be some excuses from HER people, most exceptions are considered carefully by HER people. The reason why some employees feel ignored may be that HARM do not give out a reasonable explanation timely and persuasively. Conclusion In my opinion, some of the authors main points are reasonable and persuasive, but some others may be somewhat radical. The importance of HARM cannot be ignored. It acts as a transporter between employees and employers, working for both of them. The function of HARM is to add value into the organization and save cos t to maintain the worth of the organization.Why we hate HRThis shows the critical role and function f human resources management (HARM) in an organization. However, some concerns are articulated in the article Why We Hate HER. The author did some research on the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM function, finding that the HARM does not do their own Job virtually and accountably to maximize the human resourcesfinding the best hires, nurturing the stars, and fostering a productive work environment. Although some of the authors points may be somewhat radical, some points are knowledgeable.In the following analysis, own opinions are presenting to analyze and evaluate the authors arguments about the HER function in organizations. HER People arent the Sharpest Tacks in the Box (Disagree) As I mentioned before, employees are valuable assets of an organization to offer necessary labor and worthy expertise. They are executors and performers following the top level management to make effor ts and contributions to the organization. They are also related to the development and progress of an organization. Where do these employees come from?HER professionals hire them and then train them to maximize their function and obligation. HER is something of an umbrella term, encompassing many various functions within its scope. As the strength of an organization relies upon the strength of its employees, the effective management of an organizations human resources can propel the organization toward higher levels of performance. (Kennedy, May/June 2004, Para. 2&3). This reveals the importance of HARM in an organization to regulate and manage employees and human relations across the different departments.In addition, the author divides the HER people into two classifications. One is intelligent people who fare poorly in meatier role, but not poorly enough to be fired so that exile from organization mainstream into HER apartment. Another type is those who enter the field by choice and with the best of intentions, but for the wrong reasons such as liking working with people. From own view, this classification is somewhat subjective and biased. Human resources people are employees of an organization as well.In order to execute their function, cursorily choosing and arranging them is not a wise way to improve the role of HARM so that the possibility of exile should be tiny. The ability and quality of HER people should be high enough to control the entrance of new employees, improvement of experienced employees, and human relations across the entire organization. HER Pursues Efficiency in Lieu of Value (Agree) The worth of deliverables is a vital measurement to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of HARM.This means the HER people are not measured by what they do but by what they deliver to not only the employees and line managers, but also the investors and customers. Recently, the rapidly changing dynamics of the marketplace are forcing organizations to que stion whether they have the appropriate knowledge, processes, and technology to deliver HER services that add alee and are cost effective (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 2). This reflects two different kinds of deliverables, adding value and saving cost.Capital asset is used to produce value-added. The way of value creation is usually divided into two forms material capital and human capital. In the perspective of human capital, it refers to the aggregation of knowledge, skills, and vigor endowed in people, and it is the main body of value creation. With the emergence and popularity of human capital theory, people began to attach importance to human capital in economic growth, which accordingly contributes to the increase in human capital investment (Ghana & Run- titan Jinn, March 2006, Para. ). This shows the tendency of value creation by HARM to the development of an organization. Specifically, HER people should connect right employees to the suitable position while selecting. Afterwar d, they should train the employees appropriately to deliver valuable and useful information so that new employees could better understand the organization, position, and responsibility. Finally, through performance appraisal, some issues and matters should be fixed. All Hess ways could add value into the organization to improve the progress.Cost saving is another type of deliverables that performs in the opposite way of adding value. It closely related to the financial executives so that the cooperation between financial function and HER function is tight and vital. Financial executives need to make sure their organizations HER function runs smoothly and cost efficiently By performing a structured analysis of HER service delivery, organizations often can gain perspective on the proper course to follow to transform the HER function (Donahue, June 1996, Para. 11).The way of cost effectiveness by HARM could be communication among executives and determination a realizable strategy in or der to deliver HER services for equity and diversity in the future. HER isnt Working for You (Neutrality) HARM is restricted by legal labor regulations promulgated by the government authority, such as Equal Employment Opportunity, Fair Labor Standards, and Occupational Safety and Health. In addition, the organization itself has own policies and rules to be followed by HARM. This means HER people have to accept both the outsider and insider supervisions with reasonable caution to make sure it does not UN afoul of the rules.Usually, they pursue standardization and uniformity in the face of a workforce that is heterogeneous and complex because this way is relatively easy to regulate and manage the employees and functions. They have a tension created by HRS role as protector of the organizations assets so that compliance is put in the first place. Nothing would be smooth all the time. There are still some exceptions that violate the strict rules. These exceptions should be considered by HER people under their management.Therefore, at this time, the way used by HER people o deal with the exceptions is important since it not only shows the capability of adoption, but also relates to the maintenance of relationship between employees and functions. In the article of Why We Hate HER, the author is somewhat radical that all the exceptions are not considered carefully and dealt with well by HER people because they follow the rules strictly without any exception. The author also describes that bureaucrats everywhere abhor exceptionsnot Just because they open up the organization to charges of bias, but because they require more than rote solutions.From own viewpoint, the authors explanation is reasonable and understandable, but not absolute. Klein (Seep. 1998) found that Organization human resource managers Often get no respect because they work in the so called soft end of the company and seemingly dont directly affect the bottom line (Para. 1). This reveals the reason wh y HER people do not accept some exceptions the influence of accepting exceptions is diminutive that has no effectiveness and efficiency to the organization. Under this condition, some exceptions are ignored, not Just because HER people are lazy to find the solutions.Therefore, although there may be some excuses from HER people, most exceptions are considered carefully by HER people. The reason why some employees feel ignored may be that HARM do not give out a reasonable explanation timely and persuasively. Conclusion In my opinion, some of the authors main points are reasonable and persuasive, but some others may be somewhat radical. The importance of HARM cannot be ignored. It acts as a transporter between employees and employers, working for both of them. The function of HARM is to add value into the organization and save cost to maintain the worth of the organization.

Problems faced by the sugar industry Essay

Topic Problems faced by the borecole Indus reach in the British West Indies specifically Jamaica.Research Question The problems faced by the lucre Industry affected the British West Indies during the catamenia of 1838-1876. In light of those problems to what extent did this result in the decline of profit and the economic state of Jamaica.Rationale/ AimIt is believed that the problems faced by the dinero fabrication were caused due to the incident that the planters had a very negative and spiteful attitude towards the apprentices. Also these problems were caused due to the fact that now that the slaves became newly freed, they did not want to return to the acres work. referable to the abolition of slavery the carbohydrate labor saw a rapid decline in the return of sugar.Reading and researching this topic sparked oft interest in the researcher. To see that something so successful become unsuccessfully so quickly showed that anything is possible. The test being done will h opefully give the researcher and society a better acuteness to the struggles in which the British Sugar Industry faced during the period of 1838-1876.IntroductionTopic Problems faced by the Sugar Industry in the British West Indies specifically Jamaica.Thesis statement The problems that the sugar constancy faced led to immense problems in the British West Indies.This essay examines the problems in which the sugar perseverance faced during the period of 1838-1876. The Planters in the British West Indies Acquired Large sums of money from the constantly rowing and popular sugar industry. Due to the abolition of slavery in 1838 fight that was needful for the production ofsugar decreased rapidly and so did the profitable income the planters once received.Soon because of the need of labour estates became encumbered. There are specific factors that contributed to the problems that the sugar industry faced. These factors are Capital, Labour, Technology and Free Trade.Labour-Now that slavery was abolished, there was an increase in the price of slaves and this caused an uncompetitive derail in the price of sugar. Due to this labour became scarce and expensive. Some planter continued and hired ex-slaves to work for them and they had to pay them wages. These wages accounted for as much as two thirds of the total cost of production. Some slaves did not return back to the estate in which they worked on instead they got land for themselves and cultivated their own crops. This caused a number of territories to experience e a signifi lowlifet decline in the production of sugar in the first thirty (30) eld of emancipation. These territories were-TerritoriesPercentage ReductionSt. Vincent25%British Guiana40%Grenada50%JamaicaDecreased three times the pre-emancipation takeCapital The planters lacked heavy(p) in which they needed for wages and labour saving equipments and equipments. Up until the end of this period Majority of estates still used the same old techniques. The wage level was considerably high in territories where land was available and where peasantry was developing well. Two territories associated with this are Trinidad and British Guiana who were in the expansion and establishment process.By 1854 a number of estates became encumbered due to the fact that the planters were filled with debt. The lack of capital forced them out of production because they could not repay their debts. Jamaica and Grenada had the highest amount of abandoned estates. The fact that these estates were encumbered their appreciate fell tremendously. In some cases estates owed their taxes and because of this government workers could not be paid the salaries.Technology emancipation gave rise to the use of Machinery. Some of the planters time-tested items of machinery such as the centrifugal systems the plough, harrow and vacuum pans on their estates. Others introduced the railways. Trinidad, British Guiana and St. Kitts introduced steam mills. Also some plan ters being in debt could not be able to afford the machinery they needed for production. The enslaved also would abuse and destroy estate equipment which is known as industrial sabotage.Free Trade in front equalization there was no help to the West Indian interest. The price of sugar fell just about immediately from 33-25/10d per 50 kg. Due to the fact that the English would not lend money to any companies and banks that specialize in Caribbean issues, by 1847, 13 leading West Indian companies became bankrupt. The Planters Bank in Jamaica and the West Indian Bank both closed for good and because of these planters could not borrow money to cover their losses.Around 474 sugar and coffee plantations went out of business in Jamaicabetween the years 1846 and 1852. By the year 1858 Grenadas sugar production was half that of the last year of slavery and Montserrat, St Vincent and Tobago were two thirds. After the Equalization act was passed, Planters tried to reduce cost by cutting wag es by half, to this the labourers did not sit still. Due to the some protests that were occurring on the planters estates they tried to compensate the workers for the loss of their earnings.CONCLUSIONThere were many problems in which the sugar industry faced and they had very negative effects on the Caribbean. These problems made the researcher realise that anything successful can really be unsuccessful and it doesnt matter what time it is. Although the sugar went through a deal out of problems after the year of 1876 and the planters were allowed to get immigrants to work for them on their estate, the sugar industry would try to make a comeback through this.BIBLIOGRAPHYwww.notesmaster.comCaribbean Revision fib for CxC- Peter Ashdown and Francis HumphreysCaribbean History Foundations Bk1- Claypole, William and Robottom, JohnCaribbean History Theme TextAdjustments to Emancipation 1838-1876- Veta Dawson