Church of the Sagrada Familia | Architecture Analysis

church make of the Sagrada Familia architecture AnalysisApertures of Ascension Style and Design in the Sagrada Familia by Antoni GaudiThe church of the Sagrada Familia, perhaps more than any of Gaudis earlier works, expresses his touch sensation that a mystic symbolizationism inhabits the form of com hurler architecture. (Schmutzler 1962, 212). The church was a aliveness commission and remained uncompleted upon his death in 1926 a reflection of the pipe dream and overcome of the project. It has been described as the most important ecclesiastic structure since the late eighteenth century (Schmultzer 1962, 227) with its most poignant features being the fecund decoration and towers with their Expressionist shape and form.On the approach the eye is caught by the spindle-shaped towers ascending to differing heights. They were designed to represent the twelve Apostles, the Evangelists, Mary, with the tallest representing Jesus. One is in a flash aware of the importance of verti cality in Gaudis design both in the out(prenominal) and interior. The towers are moreover to be completed, with work shortly underway on constructing the tower of Jesus. However, the finished towers are strikingly tapered, stand proud against the skyline. Gaudi was a great believer in the importance of uncanny centre in architecture and this is reflected in the placing of a symbol of for each one apostle on the highest point of each tower on the meeting propose between the sky and the extent of the structure. The towers are decorated with Hosanna, Excelsis, and Sanctus, and the doors of the Passion fa fruit drink re stir words from the Bible in different languages. Yet the placing of the symbols in such a prominent position is paramount here as it suggests that a language of symbols, without words, is the ultimate form of communication between composition and god.In the model of the Sagrada Familia (see below) we see the tower of Jesus bearing the symbol of the cross its elf pointed and finite Source http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagrada_familiaThis image of the structure tapering to a single point, with all its supporting towers, illustrates Gaudis belief in the human race effort to have faith in the single, omnipotent heraldic bearing of God. This perceive is conveyed upon entering the church when one becomes fully aware of the monumental scale of the structure and the diversity of forms which are incorporated into the design. Gaudi wanted to disassociate himself from the knightly features of existing cathedrals, such as Chartres, where flying only iftresses and external solelytresses are an evaluate feature. The interior arches are thusly not common in occidental architectural tradition and engage non-circular shapes, called parabolic or catenary. (Huerta 2006 324). The arches of the interior and the towers of the exterior both seek the same lines of ascension. Furthermore, in that location is a twofold nose out of the infinite in both t he interior and exterior design firstly, the situation that the plans for both inside and outside have still not yet been executed illustrates how Gaudis ideas transcended the timeframe in which he had to work and might crimson exceed the 100th anniversary of his death. Secondly, it is evident that Gaudi wanted the finished Sagrada Familia to be a structure of indefinite permanence this can be seen in his use of weight bearing columns instead of flying buttresses. He ref employ to use the gothic buttresses, stating that they were akin to the crutches of a cripple. http//www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_sagr2.asp. Furthermore, the fact that his buttresses were inside the edifice was coercive to him, as they avoided being subjected to the elements, which would have accelerated their deterioration and threatened the mental synthesiss permanence. There is perhaps even a symbolic meaning to this inclusion of the buttresses it might suggest that spiritual strength in a human bei ng as well as a building is internal and people should look within themselves for the way to communicate with God and not to another(prenominal)s, or the material world.The Sangara Familia appears from the outside as a slender, insuper equal form, with the towers having an organic texture, like that of a honeycomb or wattle. This might be Gaudi suggesting that the natural world is imbued with spiritual importance with features such as the honeycomb having an intrinsic place within Gods design. As it has been verbalise of Gaudis work, artifice is made to resemble nature and nature to resemble artifice contradictions are harmonized planes, lines and intersections are constrained the subtle and the blear-eyed are cast in bronze and set in rock-and-roll music is injected into the solid, colour into the air, and even soul into mathematics. (Cassou et al 1962, 23). This tendency of Gaudis to decorate and design utilize natural imagery is continued in the interior with a richness o f decoration and the inclusion of spiral staircases in the apse and bell towers. In the windows of the apse there are many a(prenominal) features which are inspired from nature, and are enhanced by fall down and musical note contrasts. http//www.sagradafamilia.org/eng/index.htm. The subtle play on light in the interior is essential more expressively on the extravagant and diverse exterior facades, where the par thusogenesis spires have colourful textured surfaces made of Gaudis technique of using mosaic tiles and broken Venetian glass. Figures of an emancipated Christ are put against this rich decoration. Indeed, Gaudi has been described as not just an architect, but as a sculptor too, possessing the ability to imbue structures with sculptural qualities, to conceive of architecture as a large shape that can be experient tactually. (Collins 1962, 10).Yet his techniques differ considerably from one part of the church to the next. In the inner faade of the transept we see geomet rically pure, rectangular, rectilinear, or cubic forms (Schmutzler1962,227), radically different to the prismatic external towers. It is as if he wanted his building to be prophetic, to see beyond the time of which it was born to the more kinetic eras ahead. This is reflected in his diverse style and his intention for the building to be lighten up at night to proclaim the Almighty God. (Collins et al 1962, 161). He thus gave the spires openings where searchlights were to be installed, focusing on a huge cross on the central cupola and on the street below, reflecting his wish that the buildings presence could be felt and seen by all those in its vicinity, and for a considerable time to come.BibliographyCassou, J., Langui, E., Pevsner, N., 1962, Gateway to the Twentieth Century Art and Culture in a Changing World. New York McGraw-HillCrasemann Collins, C, ( transltr), Christiane Crasemann Conrads, U., and Sperlich, H.G., 1962, The Architecture of Fantasy Utopian build and Planning in Modern Times. New York Frederick A. PraegerHuerta, S., 2006, Structural Design in the Work of Gaudi. Architectural Science Review. Volume 49. Issue 4. P. 324+. University of Sydney, Faculty of ArchitectureSchmutzler, R., 1962, Art Nouveau. New York Harry N. AbramsURLSAntoni Gaudi Website. on hand(predicate) fromhttp//www.gaudiclub.com/ingles/i_vida/i_sagr2.aspAccessed 06/03/07Online Encyclopaedia. Available fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagrada_familiaAccessed 06/03/07Sagrada Familia information pages. Available fromhttp//www.sagradafamilia.org/eng/index.htm.Accessed 06/03/07Spectroscopy of Salicylates adjudicateing ground ReportSpectroscopy of Salicylates Lab ReportThe scenario is that a womanhood has been stopped by the police ascribable to the condition of her driving. She tells the police that her driving was erratic due to trying to dish out the lid of a bottle of aspirin which she required for a pure(a) headache. The police could not arrive the aspirin bottle w ithin the simple machine and the woman and hence told the police that it got thrown out of the vehicle. Serums standards were taken from the woman to do alcohol and drug tests.Aspirin is an analgesic drug that provides throe relief without causing unconsciousness and anesthesia. Aspirin is utilize to help with pain, fever, osteoarthritis, instigative conditions, migraine headaches and many other things.Salicylates are the main substance in aspirin and this is what is being tested for. To test for this substance visible spectrographic analysis will be used. Spectroscopy has a variety of methods that are the fundamental interaction between light and matter. For this practical the method used is visible spectrometry via the use of a spectrophotometer. This equipment measures the amount of light absorbed by crack a beam of light through the sample and the amount of light is measured by a detector. This produces an absorbance value which can be used to calculate parsimonys.The aim of this test is to calculate the concentration of the serum samples to find out whether the levels of salicylic acid in these samples are venomous or not.Methods and MaterialsThe materials that were used are 0.2mg/ml Salicylic acid, ferrous Nitrate solution, 0.039M HNO3, water and a sample of the womans serum. The equipment used was a spectrophotometer, a graduated pipette and cuvettes.To be able to find out the salicylic acid concentrations of the serum samples, six standard solutions had to be created first. Each standard solution was composed of a combination of H2O, salicylic acid, Ferric nitrate and HNO3 all totalling up to 2ml in each solution.The components of the solutions seen in card 1 were located into test tubes using a graduated pipette. The solutions were indeed assorted thoroughly and left for 5 transactions. After five minutes a sample of each solution was placed into cuvettes using the pipette. The spectrophotometer was consequently set a 540nm.Using sol ution 1 as the sporting the spectrophotometer was then set to zero. Every other standard solution was then inserted into the spectrophotometer to secure absorption measurements using the blank as a zero reference. troika 2ml samples of the womans serum were then created using a combination of the materials seen above.The components of the serum solutions were then placed into test tubes at the volumes shown in table 2. These samples were then mixed thoroughly and left for five minutes. After five minutes the samples were then placed into cuvettes, and then the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was again set at 540nm and the serum blank used as the blank. The other two serum samples were then placed into the machine and the absorption results recorded.ResultsThe measurements from the spectrophotometer where recorded and concentrations of Salicylic acid work out for the standard solution. These concentrations then created a calibration curl to allow the serum sample concent rations to be discovered.The concentrations in table 3 where calculated using C1V1=C2V2. Where C1 is 0.02mg/ml, the original concentration of salicylic acid, V1 is the volume of salicylic acid, C2 is the unknown concentration and V2 is 1ml, the total volume of H2O and Salicylic acid. For grammatical case standard 3 has the concentration 0.06mg/ml. From looking at table 1 it is seen that C1 is 0.02mg/ml andV1 is 0.3ml. it is then known that C2 is unknown and V2 is 1ml. The equation is then rearranged to C2 = C1V1/ V2 to produce C2=0.02mg/ml x 0.3ml / 1ml = 0.06mg/ml.The concentration and absorption results are then put into a graph to create a calibration arch.Calibration curveThe calibration curve shown in figure 1 was plotted from the results in table 3. This curve was then used to calculate the concentration of the serum solutions.Concentration and absorbance results for the three serum samplesThe results in table 4 where through with(p) as a duplicate to make the results more accurate and steady-going but due to an error within the practical. An second-rate was later calculated to correct the inaccuracy created by the error, but ideally the test should have been make with 3 samples.DiscussionUsing the results from table 4 and the calibration curve from figure one it can be determined if the results agree with the drivers story. The average serum sample had a salicylic acid concentration of 0.116mg/ml. In congress to the standard solutions this result is quite high therefore the results defend she did in fact take aspirin. From this it cannot be fully determined if the level is toxic or not.Salicylic acid perniciousness causes many bio-chemical that target no specific organ. An acute overdose would cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting and tinnitus. If the overdose was continuing there would be symptoms like confusion, fever, hypoxia, dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Other symptoms of toxicity are respiratory alkalosis, alkaline urine and heada ches. Comparing the symptoms with the scenario some of the symptoms could relieve the reasons for her erratic driving but there still could be other reasons.Serum levels of salicylic acid provide if the ingested amount was healing(p), toxic or chronic toxicity. A therapeutic level is 15-30mg/ml and a toxic level is 40-50mg/ml. Any serum level above 60mg/ml is a chronic level. To compare the concentration of the serum to toxicity levels the serum concentration must be converted to mg/dl. For this it is need to be known that there are 100 millilitres in 1 decilitre, therefore 0.116mg/ml take to be multiplied by one hundred. The serum level is then 11.6mg/dl this level is not a toxic level but does confirm that aspirin was taken at a possible therapeutic level. This confirms that the woman was telling the truth about taking aspirin but does not confirm why her driving was erratic.Other test could likewise be done to test for salicylic acid, these as urine pH, a bedside ferric chl oride test and arterial blood gases. Also high-performance liquid chromatography could be used but this requires time that would not be available in a serious toxicity. Salicylic acid has many related compounds, for example, benzoic acid, phenol, atomic number 12 salicylate and aminosalicylic acid. Test for these could also be done to help determine the source. conclusionIn conclusion the results from the visible spectroscopy show that the woman did not have salicylic acid toxicity even though she did take aspirin. As her levels where not toxic there has to be another reason for her driving. To confirm this more test could be done like the urine pH and the arterial blood gasses. Also test on the related compounds could be carried out to confirm is she did take aspirin or if the levels in of salicylate in her blood are from elsewhere. The next thing to do would be to test for alcohol and other drugs both legal and illegal. Other drugs to test for could be things like cocaine, opiates , amphetamines, marijuana, methadone, tramadol and oxycodone. These could be testing for either through the blood, urine or hair.